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\par Full text: More than 50 Nobel laureates are urging Congress to spare the federal science establishment 
from the looming budget cuts known as the sequester, saying that research has endured years of budget reductions and that additional cuts could endanger "the innovation engine that is essential to our economy." The open letter was written by Burton Richte
r, a 1976 Nobel laureate in physics at the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Stanford{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Linear{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Accelerator{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}California{\*\xmlclose}, and organized by the Federation of American Scientists, a private group in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. The group is making the letter public on Wednesday. The Nobel laureates said 
their concern was not for themselves, since they would have the upper hand in any competition for scarce federal dollars, but for younger scientists who might be poised to produce the breakthroughs of tomorrow. "We urge you," they wrote Congress, "to keep
 the budgets of the agencies that support science at a level that will keep the pipelines full." The next generation, they added, will determine "our economic vitality" in the future. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}
 is the pre-eminent sponsor of basic research in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, disbursing billions of dollars to universities, contractors and federal centers. The Defense Department receives the largest share of the overall research financing, followed by the Department of Health and Human Services and the Energy Department. Be
tween 2009 and 2012, the federal financing of research and development dropped 18 percent, to $140.6 billion from $172.5 billion, according to the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The science association says the budget cuts would lowe
r
 this year's research and development budget an additional 6 percent, to about $131 billion. The letter from Dr. Richter and the other laureates gave no budget numbers but said the overall federal science budget "has steadily fallen over the years, while 
our rivals in Europe and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Asia{\*\xmlclose} invest more." It added that traditional partisans in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 had agreed on the importance of federal financing of long-term scientific research. President Obama stressed this importance in his State of the Union address, the letter said, adding that Representative Eric Cantor of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, the Republican majority leader, emphasized it in a recent speech at the American Enterprise Institute. "The agreement exists," the letter said, "because of recognition that this sort of rese
arch fuels the innovation engine that is essential to our economy." 
\par Subject: Research & development--R&D; State of the Union Address; Budgets; Defense contracts
\par Location: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}California{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par People: Obama, Barack, Richter, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Burton{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, Cantor, Eric
\par Company / organizati
on: Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120; Name: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research; NAICS: 541720; Name: American Association for the Advancement of Science; NAICS: 813920; Name: Department of Health & Human Services; NAICS: 923120
\par Publication title: New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par Pages: A.15
\par Publication year: 2013
\par Publication date: Apr 10, 2013
\par Year: 2013
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 4. The Kitchen-Table Sequester}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 4 of 90
\par 
\par The Kitchen-Table Sequester
\par Author: Schwartz, John
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 07 Apr 2013: BU.15.
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\par Abstract: Representative Louie Gohmert, a Texas Republican, was so angry about the suspension of White House tours that he tried to amend a measure to keep the president from spending federal money on his golf outings unless the 
tours were restored. First things first: I canceled tours of our home. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
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able%20Sequester:%20%5BMoney%20and%20Business/Financial%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-04-07&volume=&issue=&spage=BU.15&au=Schwartz,%20John&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
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\cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: KNOW who's really great? Our elected representatives in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, that's who. Like almost everyone else, I'm thrilled by the way things are going in our nation's capital, and wish that I could fashion myself to more closely resemble those paragons of -- What
? You don't agree? Let me check the polling data. Whoa. Well, well. It seems that almost nobody agrees with me. Last month, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Gallup{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 measured the approval rating of Congress at 13 percent; for all of last year, the average was 15 percent. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Gallup{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} oh-so-polite
ly notes that such figures "leave little room for a further drop." We believers in Congress don't much outnumber those who believe the moon landings were faked. So maybe it's just me -- and, apparently it is -- but I just love what these folks in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 have done with the budgetary process. Especially the sequestration part! You know how it happened: the White House and Congress were deadlocked on ways to reduce budget deficits, so they agreed to a way to break the logjam. Across-the-board spending cuts
 would go into effect this year if they couldn't finally get to Yes. The idea was that such cuts would be unthinkable -- so dire a threat that the players would eventually come to some kind of agreement. But, of course, they didn't. So the unthinkable bec
ame the unstoppable, because, apparently, nothing is unthinkable in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 any more. Or maybe nothing is thought through. It's hard to say. Today, the effects of this so-called sequester are being felt in big and small ways nationwide. Some 70,000 child
ren could be bounced from the Head Start program. White House tours have been suspended. The Blue Angels and other military demonstration teams have been ordered to stand down, causing many air shows to be canceled. Not everyone agrees with all decisions 
m
ade under sequestration. Representative Louie Gohmert, a Texas Republican, was so angry about the suspension of White House tours that he tried to amend a measure to keep the president from spending federal money on his golf outings unless the tours were 
r
estored. The idea didn't succeed, but you have to admire the statesmanship. This sequestration business is boldness. This is leadership. It's like a taste of the raw excitement of being ruled by Kim Jong-un. That's why I've decided to take the logical nex
t
 step, by applying the wonders of sequestration to my own life and home. I want that kind of boldness in my own finances. As any investment adviser will tell you, it can be more profitable to limit what you spend than to increase your income by a moderate
 
amount, since you've already paid taxes on the money you spend. And our spending, especially on the family equivalent of entitlements, is certainly out of control. Between college loans and a mortgage, we may not be in the hole for trillions, the way the 
g
overnment is, but it sure feels close to us. Still, rather than planning, budgeting and carefully balancing income against expenses, I've decided to live like Washington and just drive the family car along the edge of the fiscal cliff, unilaterally imposi
n
g cuts on almost everything we do. First things first: I canceled tours of our home. It's no White House -- it's actually kind of beige -- and nobody has ever asked for a tour. But our little home has always drawn a fair amount of interest in the neighbor
h
ood. (People ask, "You actually bought that house?") If they want to see it now, they'll have to wait till the end of the fiscal year. To please Representative Gohmert, I've also canceled all golf outings. (I've never played golf, but it's the principle o
f
 the thing.) Then I called Bank of America, to unilaterally inform it that we would pay less on our mortgage. I ended up speaking with Dan Frahm, a senior vice president at the company. But he did not seem impressed with my genius plan. "If somebody is ex
p
eriencing hard times, and that can be documented, then there are options available to help them potentially reduce their payments," he explained. To him, though, what I was proposing sounded different. "If somebody is just making an across-the-board decis
i
on that they are going to make a lower payment than they have a contractual agreement to do," he said, "that leads down another path, potentially leading to foreclosure." That didn't sound much like the patriotic spirit I had been hoping to encounter. Aft
er all, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 had made decisions and commitments on all of its spending, and was now cutting back. Why couldn't I? Where was my ability to wave some kind of fiscal magic wand? Clearly, there's more to this sequester business than I have understood. I w
ent back to my abacus. So much for the easy cuts. It was time to get serious. I explained the situation to my younger son, Joseph, and told him, "You're going to have to find a way to be 18 percent shorter." "Good plan," Joseph smirked. He is 17, and abou
t
 5-foot-10. He declined to take part in the Procrustean initiative I had devised. "I so enjoy towering over you," he said. Next, I tried to make the cats understand that they'd have to make sacrifices via kibble and a less luxurious litter, but they ignor
e
d me. I might as well have tried herding them, the spendthrifts. Then I told my wife that there would have to be some changes in our spending habits. She recently noted that the top rack in the dishwasher was broken, and had considered calling a repair se
rvice. Instead, I figured out exactly which part of the dishwasher was broken -- an oddly shaped piece of plastic that kept the rack on its sliding track -- ordered a replacement online and installed it myself. Budget preserved! This won't work for 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, of course, because that piece of plastic, if ordered by the Pentagon, would cost several hundred thousand dollars. But I felt good about making a dent in our own spending habits. Besides, we already try to live frugally. We go by my wife's rule on spen
ding: "We can't afford things unless I really want them." I WAS getting frustrated, though. The real savings have not emerged. Where was our cooperative resolve? Why weren't we moving forward? Why couldn't we be more like {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}? That's when I realized the truth: we're already a lot like {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}. Maybe the whole country is. Illustration Drawing (Drawing by Glynis Sweeny) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 5. F.A.A. Delays Closings of Airport Towers Forced by Cuts}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 5 of 90
\par 
\par F.A.A. Delays Closings of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Airport{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Towers{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Forced by Cuts
\par Author: Wald, Matthew L
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 06 Apr 2013: A.10.
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\par Abstract: [...]some pilots said that in its plans to close the towers, the F.A.A. was risking safety in a way that had not occurred since 1981, when the agency was forced to cl
ose towers because President Ronald Reagan fired thousands of air traffic controllers who had gone on strike. 
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\par Full text: LEESBURG, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Va.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 -- The Federal Aviation Administration said Friday that it would delay closing control towers at 149 airports until June to allow for safety analyses and "to attempt to resolve multiple leg
al challenges." The closings had been planned as part of a $637 million spending reduction at the agency required under the across-the-board budget cuts known as the sequester. The towers identified for closing are at fields that handle mostly private pla
n
es, corporate jets, aviation schools and minimal airline traffic. The towers' long-term fate is not yet clear. The F.A.A. said that about 50 airport authorities and municipalities had indicated that if necessary, they would pick up the cost of running the
 
towers themselves. In a statement, Ray LaHood, the transportation secretary, said, "This has been a complex process, and we need to get this right." "Safety is our top priority," he said. "We will use this additional time to make sure communities and pilo
t
s understand the changes at their local airports." Craig Fuller, the president of the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, a group that represents non-airline, nonmilitary fliers, praised the delay. The F.A.A. announced in March that it was closing tow
e
rs at the 149 airports, a decision that met with strong protests. Since then, pilots said that their concern was not so much landing and taking off without a tower -- most small airports never had one in the first place -- as getting used to operating wit
h
out one. At a "non-towered" airport, pilots announce their intentions on a pre-established radio frequency and listen to other pilots do the same thing, and then are able to maintain a mental map of other traffic. They fly a set pattern to approach the ru
n
way, usually in a "U" shape, at an altitude of about 1,000 feet, with the last turn lining up their aircraft with the runway. At an airport with a tower, a controller assigns a pilot a specific path so there so there is no need to keep track of the other 
traffic. "None of these towers are there by happenstance," said Jamie Beckett, a flight instructor in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Winter Haven{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Fla.
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} "A risk was identified." The risk could be because of traffic volume or the mix of traffic; Mr. Beckett compared it to the driveway of a
 school with "20 kids on bicycles, 50 moms in S.U.V.'s and 12 school buses." "You probably need somebody there to direct traffic," he said. At {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Leesburg{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}
Executive{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Airport{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, which opened 49 years ago and has never had a tower, pilots on Friday des
cribed a detailed, almost formulaic etiquette of radioing in at certain stages, and behaving in predictable ways, almost like participants in a square dance. They said operating without a tower worked well as long as everyone cooperated. But some pilots s
a
id that in its plans to close the towers, the F.A.A. was risking safety in a way that had not occurred since 1981, when the agency was forced to close towers because President Ronald Reagan fired thousands of air traffic controllers who had gone on strike
. Some instructors at Leesburg said that there were some nearby airports, like the one in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Frederick{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Md.{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}, where instructors would not send a student on a solo flight if the tower were shut down. On the tarmac at Leesburg, John A. Somiak, an assistant chief flight instructor at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Av-Ed{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Flight{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}School{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 and the chairman of the airport's subcommittee on safety, said that at times, he wished his airport had a tower, so that pilots would not have to manage the task of agreeing on a sequence of landings or takeoffs. "I
t would give us some order on crazy days," he said. "But I don't know who would pay for it." Photograph Flight Instructors at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Leesburg{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Executive
{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Airport{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 Are Used to Operating Without Controllers in a Tower to Guide Them. (Photograph by Stephen Crowley/the New York Times) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 6. As Federal Furloughs Loom, Self-Sacrifice Is All the Rage in Washington}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 6 of 90
\par 
\par As Federal Furloughs Loom, Self-Sacrifice Is All the Rage in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par Author: Peters, Jeremy W
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 05 Apr 2013: A.14.
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\par Abstract: (Like the president and cabinet secretaries, salaries of the House and Senate are set by law.) Eleanor Holmes Norton, who represents the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}District of Columbia
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and its hundreds of thousands of federal employees, said last month that she would stop collecting her pay for each day federal employees are furloughed. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.edu/sfx_gatech?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=unknown&sid=ProQ:ProQ:nationalnewscore&atitle=As%2
0Federal%20Furloughs%20Loom,%20Self-Sacrifice%20Is%20All%20the%20Rage%20in%20Washington:%20%5BNational%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-04-05&volume=&issue=&spage=A.14&au=Peters,%20Jeremy%20W&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitl
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66006f003a0065007200690063002f000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab00000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 -- The rush started on Tuesday when the flush new defense secretary, Chuck Hagel, announced that he would give back a share of his salary for each day that Pentagon employees are furloughed. On Wedne
sday, President Obama jumped in with his own show of solidarity by pledging to return to the Treasury 5 percent of his $400,000 salary. By Thursday, the Obama administration's stampede to embrace the politics of self-sacrifice was on. Cabinet secretaries 
p
ractically tripped over themselves to hand over parts of their paycheck as federal workers brace for furloughs because of the across-the-board budget cuts known as the sequester. Secretary of State John Kerry said he would give 5 percent of his $200,000 g
o
vernment salary to charity, and the Justice Department said that if its workers are furloughed, Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. would give up his pay for however many days his workers go without a paycheck. Of course, they can well afford it. Mr. Kerr
y has an estimated net worth exceeding $200 million and Mr. Hagel, Mr. Holder and Mr. Obama are all millionaires. But by the end of the day, the merely affluent, at least by {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} standards, were lining up. Janet Napolitano, the homeland security secre
tary who has an estimated net worth between $93,000 and $700,000, will forgo 5 percent of her salary, her office said. Treasury Secretary Jacob J. Lew, who is worth between $750,000 and $1.7 million, will also give up a portion of his pay, although Treasu
r
y officials would not specify how much. All cabinet secretaries make about $200,000 a year, and the richest of them have multiple millions. Mr. Holder's net worth is estimated between $4 million and $8 million, according to the Center for Responsive Polit
i
cs, which calculates the finances of government officials based on publicly available financial disclosure forms. Mr. Hagel's latest financial disclosure documents show millions of dollars in assets in various investment accounts. The Obamas' net worth is
 
estimated somewhere between $2.6 million and $8.3 million, thanks in large part to income from the president's book sales. Still, not all cabinet members were giving themselves pay cuts. Kathleen Sebelius, the health and human services secretary whose est
i
mated net worth is as high as $5 million, had no plans to reduce her salary because her department was not expecting any furloughs, her office said. A similar dynamic has slowly been playing out on Capitol Hill, where the sequester cuts will affect the bu
dgets of Congressional offices but not members' salaries. (Like the president and cabinet secretaries, salaries of the House and Senate are set by law.) Eleanor Holmes Norton, who represents the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}District of Columbia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and its hundreds of thousands of federal 
employees, said last month that she would stop collecting her pay for each day federal employees are furloughed. "If you're a member of Congress, surely the notion of lead by example should not just be a slogan," she said, adding that she would not be abl
e
 to look her colleagues and constituents in the eye if she continued to collect her full salary. "You might feel a little better about seeing them in the elevator if you're sharing in their pain." Members of the House and Senate make $174,000 annually. Re
p
resentative Tammy Duckworth, Democrat of Illinois, has said she would give back 8.4 percent of her pay, an amount roughly equal to the cut that many domestic programs are facing. That was not enough self-sacrifice for Senator Lindsey Graham, Republican of
 South Carolina, who said he was giving up 20 percent of his pay. Senator Mark Begich of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Alaska{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, a Democrat who is expected to face a tough re-election race in 2014, said he would return part of his salary to the Treasury. But a call to his office to find o
ut how much was met with a voice mail recording saying that sequester cuts had forced it to reduce office resources. There have always been wealthy members like Senator Bob Corker, Republican of Tennessee, who sold off his successful real estate and const
r
uction businesses, and Representative Scott Rigell, Republican of Virginia, a car dealer, who donate part or all of their federal salaries. But all this newfound altruism is forcing many others into awkward positions. The Republican leadership in the Hous
e
, which has led the spare-nothing approach to budget cuts, was largely silent. Speaker John A. Boehner's office would not say if he planned to return a portion of his pay. Representative Eric Cantor of Virginia, the majority leader, indicated through a sp
o
keswoman that he had absolved himself from a pay cut because he had sponsored a bill that would have replaced the sequester cuts, although the bill had no chance of becoming law. The Democratic leadership in Congress also had little to say on the matter. 
Representative Nancy Pelosi of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}California{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, who is worth up to $180 million and has spoken out against Congressional pay cuts in the past, did not respond to requests about whether she would follow the president's lead. Senator Harry Reid of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Nevada{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, the majo
rity leader, also did not respond to inquiries. Both the president and members of Congress are limited in how they can alter their pay. The president's pay is fixed by Article II of the Constitution, which says that any changes he signs into law cannot go
 
into effect while he is in office. The 27th Amendment, which was ratified in 1992, sets the same limits on members of Congress. The thinking behind those measures was to stop rogue lawmakers who would try to give themselves pay increases. Few ever anticip
a
ted such a rush to give money back. "The idea was just the opposite," said Thomas E. Mann, a scholar of Congress at the Brookings Institution. Of course, the donations back to the Treasury will do nothing to alleviate the $85 billion in cuts that will res
u
lt from sequester, a fact that the president's conservative critics are already pointing out. But many of those same conservatives, including Mr. Boehner and Mr. Cantor, trumpeted their own efforts behind the No Budget, No Pay Act, which passed Congress t
h
is year and stipulates that members of Congress are not paid until a budget is passed. The Senate and House passed their budgets last month. "It's all symbolism," Mr. Mann added. "But symbolism is often important." Photograph Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel
,
 Left, and Secretary of State John Kerry Are Giving Up Some Pay. Kathleen Sebelius, the Health Secretary, Whose Department Is Not Expecting Furloughs, Is Not. (Photographs by Alex Wong/Getty Images; Saul Loeb/Agence France-Presse -- Getty Images; Scott Ol
son/Getty Images) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 7. New Jobless Claims Climb Unexpectedly to a 4-Month High}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 7 of 90
\par 
\par New Jobless Claims Climb Unexpectedly to a 4-Month High
\par Author: Reuters
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 05 Apr 2013: B.8.
\par }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.library.gatech.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1323778920?accountid=11107}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
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\par Abstract: None available.
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYP
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}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: WASHINGTON (Reuters) -- The number of Americans filing new claims for un
employment benefits hit a four-month high last week, suggesting that the labor market recovery may have lost some momentum in March. Initial claims for state unemployment benefits increased 28,000 to a seasonally adjusted 385,000, the highest level since 
N
ovember, the Labor Department said on Thursday. It cautioned that the estimate was imprecise because the week included Easter. Economists, who had expected claims to drop to 350,000, said while the rise partly reflected difficulties adjusting the data dur
i
ng the Easter and spring breaks, there was no doubt the pace of job growth had eased. On Friday, the government releases its employment report for March. According to a Reuters survey of economists, employers added 200,000 jobs to their payrolls last mont
h
 after hiring 236,000 workers in February. The unemployment rate is seen holding steady at 7.7 percent. But a weaker reading is possible after a report from the payroll processor ADP showed that private employers added the fewest jobs in five months in Ma
r
ch. Goldman Sachs expects the economy to have created 175,000 jobs last month, noting that the tone of labor market indicators softened in March, especially in light of the so-called government sequester, which is cutting $85 billion in spending. "The seq
uester is likely to slow March payroll growth, and payrolls have outpaced broader measures of labor market improvement over the last few months," said Sven Jari Stehn, an economist at Goldman Sachs. 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 8. Budget Constraints Forcing an Overhaul in Military Operations, Hagel Says}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 8 of 90
\par 
\par Budget Constraints Forcing an Overhaul in Military Operations, Hagel Says
\par Author: Shanker, Thom
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 04 Apr 2013: A.16.
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\par Abstract: Some themes of Mr. Hagel's argument to transform the Pentagon and its business practices to meet new fiscal and security challenges echoed a carefully worded case offered by former Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.edu/sfx_gatech?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:of
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\par Full text: WASHINGTON -- Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel, facing inevitable steep cuts in military spending even as global threats remain high, said W
ednesday that he is being forced to consider fundamental changes in how the Pentagon defends American interests and conducts its daily business. In his first major address as defense secretary, Mr. Hagel said a sweeping review that he ordered will seek to
 
rebalance missions assigned to the military with the reduced money available for the Pentagon. The review's findings are to be reported by the end of May. "We need to challenge all past assumptions, and we need to put everything on the table," Mr. Hagel d
eclared, warning that previously sacrosanct accounts -- weapons, salaries and benefits, personnel numbers and even how many general and admirals are in service -- will be scrutinized. Addressing an audience at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}National{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Defense{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}University{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, Mr. Hagel offered 
no specific cancellations, trims or shifts in Pentagon spending accounts, but he did describe broad categories that will be analyzed for savings. Among them will be the proper mix of civilian and military personnel, and the size of the fighting force; the
 balance between officers and enlisted personnel; and the share of support and administrative duties to be performed by contractors and by troops. Mr. Hagel, who served as an Army sergeant in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Vietnam{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, noted that as the military was shrinking, the compositio
n of headquarters staff -- with the three- and four-star generals and admirals -- had not become comparably smaller. Mr. Hagel said that the across-the-board spending cuts called the sequester have had "a disruptive and potentially damaging impact" on Ame
r
ican forces, and that they will require the Pentagon to make big cuts to operations and modernization to quickly find savings in this fiscal year. Under the new budget negotiated between Congress and President Obama, the Defense Department and the militar
y
 will have more freedom to shift money within Pentagon accounts to more efficiently manage the automatic cuts, and the Pentagon's reductions would be about $41 billion in this fiscal year, down from the previous estimates of $46 billion. Even so, the Defe
nse Department's accounts for military operations and maintenance will face a shortage of at least $22 billion this fiscal year, which ends Sept. 30. But Mr. Hagel made clear that these reductions would have to be managed while the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} continued t
o defend against violent extremism, as well as against new risks arriving over computer networks and "vintage" threats like the proliferation of unconventional weapons and the hostile aspirations of regional adversaries. "{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} does not have the luxury o
f retrenchment," he said. "We have too many global interests at stake, including our security, prosperity and our future. If we refuse to lead, something, someone will fill the vacuum. The next great power may not use its power as responsibly or judicious
ly as {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 has used its power over the decades since World War II." Mr. Hagel's carefully worded case for how and why to shrink the military acknowledged the need to anticipate uncertainty -- and assure that the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} is not viewed by adversaries
 as weak or unprepared. Some themes of Mr. Hagel's argument to transform the Pentagon and its business practices to meet new fiscal and security challenges echoed a carefully worded case offered by former Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld. That address
 by Mr. Rumsfeld came on Sept. 10, 2001 -- just 24 hours before Al Qaeda attacks launched the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 on a decade of war and expanded military spending and upended any attempts to overhaul the Pentagon. Mr. Hagel, who earned two Purple Hearts in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Vietnam{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}, spoke with caution about the use of military force in advancing the nation's agenda, and in tones set by Mr. Obama. "The {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} military remains an essential tool of American power, but one that must be used judiciously, with a keen appreciation
 of its limits," he said. "Most of the pressing security challenges today have important political, economic and cultural components, and do not necessarily lend themselves to being resolved by conventional military strength." In a clear criticism of some
 
past American national security choices -- but with no specific decisions mentioned -- Mr. Hagel said, "We have made mistakes and miscalculations with our great power." With perhaps both American and foreign audiences in mind, Mr. Hagel nonetheless was un
wavering in espousing an active overseas role for the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, despite fiscal pressures. The Pentagon, he said, "must understand the challenges and uncertainties, plan for the risks, and, yes, recognize the opportunities inherent in budget constraints
 and more efficient and effective restructuring." He offered the military personnel and national security civilian employees three guidelines for leadership and decision-making: "Does this help protect national security? Is this in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}'s strategic inte
rests, which includes the political, economic and moral dimensions of our interest and our responsibilities? Is this worthy of the service and sacrifice of our men and women in uniform, and their families?" 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 9. Obama Will Return 5% of Salary in Budget Gesture}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 9 of 90
\par 
\par Obama Will Return 5% of Salary in Budget Gesture
\par Author: Baker, Peter; Shear, Michael D
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 04 Apr 2013: A.17.
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\par Abstract: "Everybody at the White House and the broader" executive office of the president "i
s dealing with the consequences both, in many cases, in their own personal lives but in how we work here at the White House, which is true across the federal government because of the impact of the sequester," Jay Carney, the White House press secretary, 
said Monday. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
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ational%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-04-04&volume=&issue=&spage=A.17&au=Baker,%20Peter;Shear,%20Michael%20D&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: President Obama plans to return 5 
percent of his salary to the Treasury in solidarity with federal workers who are going to be furloughed as part of the automatic budget cuts known as the sequester, an administration official said Wednesday. The voluntary move would be retroactive to Marc
h
 1, the official said, and apply through the rest of the fiscal year, which ends in September. The White House came up with the 5 percent figure to approximate the level of spending cuts to nondefense federal agencies that took effect that day. "The presi
d
ent has decided that to share in the sacrifice being made by public servants across the federal government that are affected by the sequester, he will contribute a portion of his salary back to the Treasury," the official said. Word of the president's dec
i
sion came a day after Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel and Deputy Defense Secretary Ashton B. Carter disclosed that they would return a share of their salaries commensurate with the pay lost by the department's civilian employees who are expected to be furlo
u
ghed for 14 days before the end of the fiscal year. The president makes $400,000 a year, so a pay cut of 5 percent for the whole year amounts to $20,000; an administration official said Mr. Obama would pay back that amount, compressing the total over the 
r
emaining months of the fiscal year. The president's salary is set by law and cannot be changed during his term, so he will write a check to the government starting this month, the official said. Mr. Obama and his wife, Michelle, reported adjusted gross in
c
ome of $789,674 in 2011, the last year such figures were publicly available. Much of the additional money came from royalties from his books. The Obamas donated $172,130, or nearly 22 percent of their adjusted gross income, to charity. Mr. Obama gives aft
e
r-tax proceeds from his children's book to a scholarship fund for children of slain and disabled soldiers. White House officials said this week that several offices under the president had sent furlough notices to workers, including 480 employees of the O
f
fice of Management and Budget, which is managing the sequester. The officials said it had also delayed filling vacant positions and that pay cuts or additional furloughs remained possible for White House employees. Beyond personnel, the White House said i
t
 had scaled back purchases of equipment and supplies, curtailed staff travel and reduced the use of Internet air cards. "Everybody at the White House and the broader" executive office of the president "is dealing with the consequences both, in many cases,
 
in their own personal lives but in how we work here at the White House, which is true across the federal government because of the impact of the sequester," Jay Carney, the White House press secretary, said Monday. While the pay giveback is a matter of sy
m
bolism for a president living in the White House and traveling via Air Force One, symbolism has become a political headache for Mr. Obama in times of austerity. Critics have focused on his vacations and golf outings to suggest he remains insulated from th
e greater budget constraints squeezing much of the rest of government. The Weekly Standard and Sean Hannity of Fox News, among others, have taken aim at the president's Christmas vacation in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Hawaii{\*\xmlclose}
 and recent golf trip to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Florida{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, as well as spring break tr
ips by Mrs. Obama and their daughters, at a time when the White House has been closed to public tours. "They're the administration that loves vacation," Mr. Hannity said on his program this week. In addition to his salary, housing and staff, the president
 
is given a $50,000 expense account and $100,000 for travel, the same as his predecessor, President George W. Bush, who also was criticized at times for his vacations. Some of the president's expenses are reimbursed by personal or political accounts. The m
o
ves by the president and defense secretary may put pressure on other federal officials to follow suit. The White House would not say whether Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. would give back part of his $230,700 salary. On Wednesday afternoon, even as th
e
 president's decision was being reported, Senator Mark Begich, Democrat of Alaska, announced that he also would voluntarily give back part of his salary and that more than half of his staff members would have their pay cut this year even though the seques
ter does not include members of Congress or their aides. Aides to Speaker John A. Boehner and Senator Mitch McConnell of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Kentucky{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, the minority leader, declined to say whether the two Republican lawmakers would return a portion of their salaries. This is a 
more complete version of the story than the one that appeared in print. Credit: PETER BAKER and MICHAEL D. SHEAR; Peter Baker reported from Washington, and Michael D. Shear from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}
Denver{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 10. Spending Cuts and Higher Taxes Weigh on Manufacturing Expansion}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 10 of 90
\par 
\par Spending Cuts and Higher Taxes Weigh on Manufacturing Expansion
\par Author: Reuters
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 02 Apr 2013: B.3.
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\par Abstract: None available.
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.edu/sfx_gatech?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_
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3d0030003300360032003400330033003100260064006100740065003d0032003000310033002d00300034002d0030003200260076006f006c0075006d0065003d002600690073007300750065003d002600730070006100670065003d0042002e0033002600610075003d0052006500750074006500720073002600690073
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276300000000a5ab00000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: WASHINGTON (Reuters) -- Manufacturing expanded at the slowest rate in three months in March, suggesting the economy lost some momentu
m at the end of the first quarter as the effects of tighter fiscal policy started kicking in. Data so far had shown little sign that higher taxes and the $85 billion in across-the-board government spending cuts that took effect March 1, known as the seque
s
ter, had weighed on economic activity. "It suggests the economy was probably starting to slow at the end of the quarter, possibly reflecting the impact of the fiscal headwinds coming from sequestration and higher taxes," said Millan Mulraine, a senior eco
n
omist at TD Securities. The Institute for Supply Management said on Monday that its index of national factory activity fell to 51.3 last month from 54.2 in February. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in the manufacturing sector. New orders, an indica
t
or of future growth, accounted for much of the drop in the index. The I.S.M. report was at odds with a separate report showing that factories gained steam in March on strong order growth, closing out the best quarter for the sector in two years. The finan
c
ial data firm Markit said its manufacturing purchasing managers index rose to 54.6 last month from 54.3 in February. A reading above 50 indicates expansion. "We are beginning to see where the government spending cuts will reduce demand," said Joel L. Naro
f
f, chief economist at Naroff Economic Advisors. "In those sectors and parts of the country that will feel the wrath of sequestration, adjustments are being made." Separately, the Commerce Department reported on Monday that construction spending advanced 1
.
2 percent in February. Spending declined 2.1 percent in January. The construction report added to a series of other data that has suggested economic growth accelerated in the first quarter from the fourth quarter's anemic 0.4 percent annual pace. Data on 
e
mployment, consumer spending, industrial production and housing have been relatively strong. Some economists raised their growth estimates for the January-March period as a result of the construction report. Macroeconomic Advisers lifted its forecast by o
n
e-tenth of a point to 3.6 percent. JPMorgan Chase raised its estimate from 2.7 percent to 3.8 percent. Part of the increase reflected strong consumer spending. Construction spending in February was bolstered by a 1.3 percent rise in private construction p
r
ojects. Spending on private residential projects increased 2.2 percent to the highest level since November 2008. "Housing is catching fire," said Ryan Sweet, a senior economist at Moody's Analytics. "All the conditions are in place for further improvement
 with housing, even with lingering risks. Housing will keep the economy going forward even with the fiscal constraints." Chart Construction Spending: Total Construction Spending at a Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate. (Source: Commerce Department) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 11. Sundown in America}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 11 of 90
\par 
\par _______________________________________________________________
\par }{\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14688761 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs18\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 {\tc {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 12. Pentagon Reduces Furlough Days for Civilian Staff}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 12 of 90
\par 
\par Pentagon Reduces Furlough Days for Civilian Staff
\par Author: Shanker, Thom
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 29 Mar 2013: A.15.
\par }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.library.gatech.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1321294340?accountid=11107}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
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\par Abstract: At the same news conference, Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, noted that the spending reductions being imposed on the Pentagon are not the deepest in history, but they 
are the swiftest because they are being imposed halfway through the fiscal year. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.edu/sfx_gatech?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=unknown&sid=ProQ:ProQ:nationalnewscore&atitle=Penta
gon%20Reduces%20Furlough%20Days%20for%20Civilian%20Staff:%20%5BNational%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-03-29&volume=&issue=&spage=A.15&au=Shanker,%20Thom&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 
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\cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par F
ull text: WASHINGTON -- Hundreds of thousands of Defense Department civilian employees will get a partial reprieve from the work furloughs imposed by the automatic across-the-board spending cuts known as the sequester, with their number of unpaid days off
 
reduced to 14 from 22 between now and October. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel made the announcement at a Pentagon news conference on Thursday, when he made clear his pleasure at being able to lessen the fiscal penalty on a civilian work force of about 800,
0
00 people. Up to 80 percent of those employees could fall under the reduced furloughs. But the defense secretary also warned that remaining budget reductions still threaten military readiness. The decision to decrease the furlough days was made possible b
y
 a compromise spending bill negotiated on Capitol Hill and signed this week. The budget gives the Defense Department and the military more freedom to shift money within Pentagon accounts to more efficiently manage the automatic cuts. Mr. Hagel said the Pe
n
tagon's reductions under the new bill would be about $41 billion, down from the previous estimates of $46 billion. Even so, the Defense Department's accounts for military operations and maintenance will face a shortage of at least $22 billion this fiscal 
y
ear, which ends Sept. 30. "We're going to have to deal with that reality, and that means we're going to have to prioritize and make some cuts and do what we got to do," Mr. Hagel said. To meet the spending decrease, he said, the Pentagon will sharply cut 
payments for operating its bases in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 as well as reduce training for troops -- but only for those troops not preparing to deploy overseas into combat. At the same news conference, Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of S
taff, noted that the spending reductions being imposed on the Pentagon are not the deepest in history, but they are the swiftest because they are being imposed halfway through the fiscal year. "It's the steepest decline in our budget ever," General Dempse
y
 said. He said that by Monday, the Defense Department will have spent 80 percent of its operating funds under the reduced spending plan. "We don't yet have a satisfactory solution to that shortfall, and we're doing everything we can to stretch our readine
s
s out," General Dempsey said. He described a process in which the Defense Department "will have to trade, at some level and to some degree, our future readiness for current operations." In layman's terms, that means that to support the fighting force toda
y
, money will have to be diverted from preparing for conflict in the years ahead. "It will cost us more eventually in both money and time to recover in the years to come," General Dempsey said. "We'll be trying to recover lost readiness at the same time th
a
t we're trying to reshape the force. We can do it, but that's the uncomfortable truth." Photograph Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel and Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, at the Pentagon On Thursday. (Photograph by Jacquelyn Marti
n/Associated Press) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 13. Latest Victims of Budget Woes Know Cuts Well}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 13 of 90
\par 
\par Latest Victims of Budget Woes Know Cuts Well
\par Author: Peters, Jeremy W
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 28 Mar 2013: A.17.
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\par Abstract: [...]the barbers of the United Stat
es Senate -- along with a shoeshine attendant, a manicurist and the stylists who clip, color, feather and fluff senatorial locks from a basement salon across the street from the Capitol -- may finally be losing their coveted status. Because of the automat
i
c budget cuts known as sequestration, which are forcing government agencies to trim their spending and suspend some programs, the Senate will soon start privatizing its money-losing Hair Care Services unit, a cherished amenity that dates back to the early
 19th century, when many senators lived in rooming houses with no running water. 
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\ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: CORRECTION APPENDEDWASHINGTON -- They have survived the Civil War, the Great Depression and even Newt Gingrich. They are the caretakers of a Congressional institution that has often operated more like a gentleman's club than a house of governme
nt, complete with a gilded members-only dining room, chandeliered sitting parlors and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Carrara{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 marble bath tubs. But the barbers of the United States Senate -- along with a shoeshine attendant, a manicurist and the stylists who clip, color, feather and fluff
 senatorial locks from a basement salon across the street from the Capitol -- may finally be losing their coveted status. Because of the automatic budget cuts known as sequestration, which are forcing government agencies to trim their spending and suspend
 
some programs, the Senate will soon start privatizing its money-losing Hair Care Services unit, a cherished amenity that dates back to the early 19th century, when many senators lived in rooming houses with no running water. "It's time," said Senator John
 McCain of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Arizona{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, a longtime patron who, like many others in the Capitol, said he recognized the infeasibility of government-subsidized haircuts for senators and their staff. "In fact, I was talking to some of my friends there the other day," Mr. McCain a
dded, his thinning head of white hair looking freshly shorn, "and they said they recognized too that the time has come." The privatization of the Senate hair shop, to be phased in over the next several years, is one of the ways that members of Congress ar
e
 feeling the impact of their decision not to stop $85 billion in cuts to this year's budget. And while their experience is hardly on par with the hardship of ordinary Americans who are absorbing cuts to programs like tuition assistance and after-school ch
i
ld care, inconveniences like longer lines for their guests at Capitol security and fewer taxpayer-financed trips abroad are starting to gain notice. "With the sequester, I've got a pretty big hole to fill," said Terrance W. Gainer, the Senate sergeant-at-
a
rms, who oversees various services like computers and the page program. To account for the cuts to his budget, Mr. Gainer said he offered buyouts to his entire staff. So far, four of the nine employees in the hair care unit have told him they would accept
,
 allowing him to replace them with less expensive private contractors who will not collect federal pensions or benefits. Mr. Gainer said he expected to cut losses in the shop to $100,000 a year from about $500,000 by privatizing. Eventually, he said, he w
o
uld like to use private contractors exclusively. "Listen, I readily realize that may not meet the timetable of a lot of people who say, 'What is the legislative branch doing in the hair care business?' " he said, hastening to add that he has other, less c
l
inical considerations like the well-being of his staff. "It's a service organization that has a 100-year-plus history here. It's undergone a lot of changes, and I'm slowly but surely trying to get it out of the red." Senators used to get free haircuts. Bu
t that stopped in 1979, when public pressure over wasteful government spending led the shop to impose a $3.50 fee. But even today, the shop's full menu of unisex salon services are still far less expensive than many hair establishments around 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. A 
basic trim is $20 plus tip, a manicure is $18 and eyebrow trimming runs $15. There have been efforts over the years to cut losses, but nothing seemed to work. The gold-trimmed personalized shaving mugs that were once given to each senator were eliminated 
i
n the 1970s, going the way of other perks like the marble baths. There was once a senators-only barbershop in the basement of the Capitol, but it merged with the ladies' beauty salon and staff barbershop across the street. Though few know it, the shop is 
o
pen to the public. But if a senator comes in and is in a hurry, he has the right to bump your appointment. Calls for privatization or outright elimination tend to come every decade or so. After a fire destroyed the House barbershop in 1880, members of the
 lower house were outraged to learn that their colleagues in the Senate were getting free beard trimmings and haircuts. Senator William Edgar Borah, who represented {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Idaho
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} for four decades starting in 1907, once rebuked a journalist who tried to shame senato
rs into paying for their own haircuts, saying, "I want the same service that was received here by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun." After Mr. Gingrich became the speaker of the House in 1995, he privatized government-run services like the barbers on the Ho
use side of the Capitol, leading to pressure that the Senate do the same. But the senators stood firm. They united again behind the barbers a few years later after Rick Santorum, then a newly elected senator from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Pennsylvania{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, tried to lead a privatization 
push. With its flat fluorescent lighting, teal-green laminated cabinets and aging fixtures, the shop hardly looks like a facility benefiting gloriously from federal largess. Walk in on any given day and it is not uncommon to see senators -- men and women 
-
- getting a trim in between meetings. Many of them, as well as President Obama and Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr., both former senators, have their autographed pictures hanging on the wall. Strom Thurmond tried to dye away his gray there, though the r
e
sults in his later years often resembled Crayola's burnt sienna. "He and his wife disagreed over what color his hair should be," said Donald A. Ritchie, the Senate historian. "He wanted it darker, she wanted it lighter. So they compromised over a color th
at looked orange." Senator Barbara Boxer's blond-tinted bob is kept freshly set there. Olympia J. Snowe, the former three-term senator from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Maine{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, used the salon's stylists to keep her signature dark brown ponytail from getting too long. Senator Harry Reid of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Nevada{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, the majority leader, also patronizes the shop, sometimes leaving the shoeshine attendant with a few pairs to work on while he sits down for a trim. "It costs more than it does in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
State}}Utah{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}," said Senator Orrin G. Hatch, who has had his shock of white
 hair, closely cropped on the sides and neatly parted on top, cut by a Senate barber for 36 years. Mr. Hatch quickly rose to the barbers' defense when told of the privatization plans. Mr. Gainer, the sergeant-at-arms, would not permit shop workers to be i
n
terviewed. "Those guys work hard," Mr. Gainer said. "And you don't want just anybody playing around with razors and scissors. Especially in this place." Correction: March 29, 2013, Friday This article has been revised to reflect the following correction: 
A picture caption on Thursday with an article about plans to privatize the Senate barbershop misidentified the building on Capitol Hill in which the barbershop is located. It is in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Russell{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Senate{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Office{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Building{\*\xmlclose}, not in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Hart{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Senate{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Office{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Building{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}. Photograph The Hair Care Services Unit, in the Basement of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Hart{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Senate{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Office{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Building{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, Dates Back to the Early 19th Century, When Many Senators Lived in Rooming Houses with No Running Water. (Photograph by Stephen Crowley/the New York Times) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 14. Cuts May Claim O'Hare Tower as Victim}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 14 of 90
\par 
\par Cuts May Claim O'Hare Tower as Victim
\par Author: Wald, Matthew L
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 23 Mar 2013: A.9.
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\par Abstract: The Federal Aviation Administration announced Friday that it would close 149 co
ntrol towers in early April at smaller airports because of the across-the-board federal budget cuts known as the sequester, but even O'Hare's north tower is on a list of potential casualties, along with O'Hare's runway 27 Right. 
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1&date=2013-03-23&volume=&issue=&spage=A.9&au=Wald,%20Matthew%20L&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3958249\charrsid14688761 {\*\datafield 
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\cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: CORRECTION APPENDEDCHICAGO -- Up 14 stories by elevator and two more by stairs, Adonna Prior, an air traffi
c controller, watched for airplanes emerging as specks in the sky from her perch at the top of O'Hare International Airport's sleek $40 million north tower. "A.C. 5837 O'Hare tower runway two seven right cleared to land," she said in one unpunctuated brea
th into her radio headset, indicating to the crew of a United Express Embraer 50-seat jet inbound from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Appleton{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Wis.
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, that the runway, 1.4 miles long and 150 feet wide, was clear. "Winds three zero zero at one zero," she added, indicating that there was a 
gentle breeze, mostly headwind. All was running smoothly on a sunny afternoon this week, but dark clouds loom next month here at the nation's second-busiest airport and at smaller airports across the country. The Federal Aviation Administration announced 
F
riday that it would close 149 control towers in early April at smaller airports because of the across-the-board federal budget cuts known as the sequester, but even O'Hare's north tower is on a list of potential casualties, along with O'Hare's runway 27 R
i
ght. Federal Aviation Administration staff reductions of 10 percent under the cuts could shut both down, at least for part of each day. In a statement, Transportation Secretary Ray LaHoodcalled the 149 closings "very tough decisions" but said that "unfort
unately, we are faced with a series of difficult choices that we have to make to reach the required cuts under sequestration." The agency is facing more than $600 million in budget cuts this year. Among the towers to close are those at 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Ithaca{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Tompkins{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Regional{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Airport
{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Danbury{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Municipal{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}
Airport{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Connecticut{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Branson{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Airport{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Missouri{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. All of O'Hare's 68 controllers recently received certified letters telling them to expect, as of April 21, one day of furlough in each two-week, 80-hour pay 
period. Although the F.A.A. has not worked out the details, the north tower is vulnerable because it takes three people to run it: an arrivals controller like Ms. Prior, a ground controller to direct the planes through a maze of taxiways and a relief cont
r
oller to give the other two a break. "It used to be wind and weather," said Robert C. Flynn, the air traffic control manager at O'Hare and a veteran of 30 years there and at two nearby radar centers, describing the factors that determine O'Hare's operabil
i
ty. "Now it's going to be staffing, wind and weather." O'Hare's north tower opened with 27 Right in 2008, and raised O'Hare's capacity when the wind is coming from the west -- about 70 percent of the time -- to land 114 airplanes an hour, up from 72. It w
a
s not simple, though. The new runway was built beyond what had been "hangar alley," the northern edge of the airport, and because the hangars block the view of the western half of the runway from the main tower, a new one, north tower, was needed. The pro
j
ect cost more than $450 million and required moving 2,800 residents. By most accounts, it has been a stunning success. Before it opened, the F.A.A. had to limit the number of planes that the airlines could operate from here, and even so there were extensi
ve delays. Now the airport, surpassed only in traffic by Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Georgia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, functions far better. But the planned furloughs are creating a cascading series of new problems, not only with the north tower but in the skies far
 beyond it. O'Hare's main tower, for example, takes a crew of 9 or 10. Dan Carrico, the union representative for the tower controllers, said its workload could rise, too, if staffing shortages in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Chicago{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} region or elsewhere force the F.A.A. to hold pla
nes on the ground at O'Hare, as is commonly done in thunderstorms. Holds mean more instructions from controllers per takeoff as they direct planes where to park or rejoin the queue for takeoff. Airplanes are directed to O'Hare by controllers in a windowle
s
s radar room, called the Terminal Radar Approach Control, in South Elgin, Ill., about 30 miles away. When staffing there is cut by 10 percent, there may not be enough controllers on duty to manage a flow to three different runways at O'Hare, officials sai
d. "We're used to dealing with pieces of the system being impacted," Mr. Flynn said. "We do it all the time, like when there's a thunderstorm in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Valley{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. When all the pieces of the system are impacted, that's fresh territory." Among the first cuts w
ill be training new controllers to replace those retiring. Ms. Prior, the air traffic controller, said she was unhappy about losing 10 percent of her pay, but she is pregnant with her first child, due on Aug. 16, and is planning to take off some unpaid ti
m
e anyway, she said. Mr. Flynn thought about that. "Well, you timed that right," he said. Correction: March 30, 2013, Saturday This article has been revised to reflect the following correction: An article last Saturday about furloughs at O'Hare Internation
a
l Airport because of budget cuts referred incorrectly to the effect of a $450 million runway project on the surrounding area. While the project indeed required moving 2,800 residents, it did not involve removing 900 graves from a cemetery. (That occurred 
d
uring the building of a different runway.) Photograph Robert C. Flynn, the Air Traffic Control Manager at O'hare International in Chicago, Said Staffing Could Become a Factor in the Airport's Ability to Function.; Top, a Monitor Showing the Location of In
bound Flights to O'hare in Chicago, Which Now has the Capacity to Land As Many As 114 Airplanes an Hour. (Photographs by Nathan Weber for the New York Times) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 15. Spending Cuts Put Damper On Trips by Lawmakers}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 15 of 90
\par 
\par Spending Cuts Put Damper On Trips by Lawmakers
\par Author: Parker, Ashley
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 22 Mar 2013: A.18.
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\par Abstract: [...]the long jet-setting tradition of Congressional recesses just got grounded by the same $85 billion across-the-board budget cuts, which have also c
anceled White House tours and lengthened airport lines and have some federal employees receiving furlough notices. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.edu/sfx_gatech?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=unknown&sid=ProQ:
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\par Full text: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 -- Official travel abroad by members of Congress -- trips known universally on Capitol Hill by the shorthand term "codels" -- has always been something of a sensitive topic. Critics deride the Congress
ional delegations as high-flying, taxpayer-financed junkets, while members and their staffs vigorously defend them as critical fact-finding and research trips. Now, the long jet-setting tradition of Congressional recesses just got grounded by the same $85
 
billion across-the-board budget cuts, which have also canceled White House tours and lengthened airport lines and have some federal employees receiving furlough notices. Normally, Congress's coming two-week break would be the perfect time for dozens of la
w
makers to scurry overseas. But in this time of heightened fiscal discipline, an increasing number of members are eschewing such trips and returning home, to spend the time in their districts with their families and constituents. Speaker John A. Boehner of
 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 encouraged the end -- or at least the suspension -- of codels last month. In advance of the automatic budget cuts, he issued a decree to House Republicans in their weekly meeting, telling his members that the House would no longer authorize military a
ircraft for official overseas travel. His rule included even trips to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose}
, limiting House lawmakers' ability to visit war-torn regions in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Middle East{\*\xmlclose} and beyond where a military aircraft is often the only way to get around. "This decis
ion is a prudent and responsible course of action, reflecting the current strain on military readiness and operations," read an e-mail to House offices after the announcement. Of course, the speaker's new rule does not mean that no official travel will ta
ke place. Though the House will not authorize military aircraft travel, the Department of Defense still can. This means, for instance, that if a group of lawmakers flew commercially to, say, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Kuwait
{\*\xmlclose}, they could then board a Defense Department-approved military aircraft to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose} or {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. This month, Representative Howard P. (Buck) McKeon, Republican of California and the chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, and two other members visited {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. They flew commercially for the first leg of 
the trip, and used military support to travel the rest of the way. "You want to minimize the operational impact on Department of Defense, but we still have an oversight obligation and that obligation extends beyond information you can get just from a Cong
r
essional hearing or a telephone call," said Claude Chafin, communications director for the Armed Services Committee. "There are some conversations with Afghan leaders and troops fighting on the ground that you just can't substitute for. We have an obligat
i
on to carry out that oversight, but we're going to do it in a way that's as low impact as possible." Mr. Chafin would not discuss any codels during the coming recess, citing security concerns. And, lawmakers can still take any trip they want, as long as t
h
ey fly commercially. "I've been clear there's no military aircraft that I'll approve during the sequester," Mr. Boehner said in an interview in his office. "And if some members believe that they need to travel, do it commercially. They have to make those 
decisions." Mr. Boehner sent a bipartisan House delegation to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Rome{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 for the investiture of Pope Francis. But at the bottom of the news release was a disclaimer: "The House delegation will fly to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Rome{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 on commercial air flights, in compliance with the speaker's directive that member use of military air transportation be suspended with sequestration in effect." (Representative Nancy Pelosi of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}California
{\*\xmlclose}, the leading House Democrat, similarly flew to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Rome{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} on a delegation led by Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr.)
 On the Senate side, codels have also become more politically charged -- though that has not stopped some senators from heading abroad during the break. Senator Lindsey Graham, Republican of South Carolina, said he would be visiting 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Israel{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Turkey{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Jordan{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} during the two-week recess. (Senator Kirsten Gillibrand, Democrat of New York, is going on the same trip.) He said the recent budget cuts had not caused him to rethink his plans. "Where I'm going, we need to go," Mr. Graham said. "The 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Middle East{\*\xmlclose} is goi
ng in the wrong direction quickly." Senator John McCain, Republican of Arizona, who often takes such trips with Mr. Graham, joked, "I think he's going with a separate group for a change." But Mr. McCain said that he was also considering heading off to a t
r
ouble spot abroad, though he could not discuss the details because of security concerns. "I can't say where, but it's not a pleasurous place," he said. Senator Bob Corker, Republican of Tennessee, is taking what his office described as an "economic missio
n" to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Japan{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}China{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}South Korea
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. He will be flying commercially. At least one planned Senate codel has been canceled -- or at least postponed, though no one with knowledge of the trip would discuss it. "In this age of austerity, no one even wants to be o
uted as the senator who was going to go on a codel, even though it's now been canceled," a Democratic Senate aide explained. When asked about the mysterious canceled trip, Senator Patrick J. Toomey, Republican of Pennsylvania, offered up a hint: "Several 
of us were going to go to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Bali{\*\xmlclose}
 and take our spouses," he said referring to exactly the sort of trip that could cause an uproar. As a reporter began to scribble down the details, he laughed. "I'm just kidding," he said. 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 16. The Sequester Hits the Reservation}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 16 of 90
\par 
\par The Sequester Hits the Reservation
\par Author: The Editorial Board
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 21 Mar 2013: A.26.
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\par Abstract: Social Security, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, Supplemental Security Income, and veterans' compensation and health benefits -- are all exempt from sequestration. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.edu/sfx_gatech?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=unknown&sid
=ProQ:ProQ:nationalnewscore&atitle=The%20Sequester%20Hits%20the%20Reservation:%20%5BEditorial%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-03-21&volume=&issue=&spage=A.26&au=The%20Editorial%20Board&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=inf
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\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: The Congressional Republicans who brought us the mindless budget cuts known as the sequester have shown remarkable indifference to life-sustaining government services, American jobs and other programs. So what do they make 
of the country's commitments to American Indians, its longstanding obligations to tribal governments under the Constitution and treaties dating back centuries? Very little, it seems. The sequester will impose cuts of 5 percent across the Indian Health Ser
v
ice, the modestly financed agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides basic health care to two million American Indians and native Alaskans. It is underfinanced for its mission and cannot tolerate more deprivatio
n
. Here lies a little-noticed example of moral abdication. The biggest federal health and safety-net programs -- Social Security, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, Supplemental Security Income
,
 and veterans' compensation and health benefits -- are all exempt from sequestration. But the Indian Health Service is not. The agency was supposed to be spared the worst of the automatic cuts; at least that is what its officials believed. Under a 1985 la
w
 that served as the model for the current sequester, annual cuts to appropriations for the Indian Health Service could not exceed 2 percent. Even a cut of that amount is very bad news for the main health care provider for some of the poorest and sickest A
m
ericans, living in some of the most remote and medically underserved parts of the country. Like care for veterans, Indian health was supposed to be one area in which duty and compassion trumped cheapness. The agency's officials were braced for that level 
o
f cuts, but they were mistaken. The Office of Management and Budget interpreted the sequestration law to mean that the 2 percent cap did not apply to most of the Indian Health Service financing. The agency's director, Yvette Roubideaux, had to warn tribal
 
leaders last September to plan for a much bigger, $220 million cut, which it expects will lead to 3,000 fewer inpatient admissions and 804,000 fewer outpatient visits each year. The Indian Health Service operates 320 health centers, 45 hospitals, 115 heal
t
h stations and 4 school health centers across the country. The vast majority of these are on reservations, where poverty, disease, substance abuse, suicide and other public health challenges are severe. The government has been increasing its support for t
h
e service in the last decade; at a hearing on Tuesday of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment and Related Agencies, the chairman, Mike Simpson, an Idaho Republican, noted that between 2000 and 2012, financing rose to $4.4 billion
 
from $2.4 billion. This has allowed some improvement and stability in services. But Dr. Roubideaux told Mr. Simpson that the agency's catastrophic health emergency fund, which reimburses providers for trauma care and major surgeries, would still run out o
f money before the end of the year. The federal government cannot use its budget nihilism to avoid its moral and legal obligations. 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 17. Finance Bill, Nearing Senate Passage, Would Protect Some Favored Programs}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 17 of 90
\par 
\par Finance Bill, Nearing Senate Passage, Would Protect Some Favored Programs
\par Author: Weisman, Jonathan; Lowrey, Annie
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 20 Mar 2013: A.16.
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\par Abstract: Rather than rearranging the cuts across the budget, Ben S. Bernanke, the chairman of the Federal Reserve,
 has recommended holding them back until the still-sluggish recovery takes stronger hold. "Besides having adverse effects on jobs and incomes, a slower recovery would lead to less actual deficit reduction in the short run," Mr. Bernanke said last month. 

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Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- The worst
 of the federal cuts to a major infant nutrition program would be reversed. Embassy security and construction could be spared in the wake of the consulate attack in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Benghazi
{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Libya{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. And child care subsidies, once seen as critical to the success of welfare 
reform, would take a haircut, not the hammer blow that President Obama once loudly warned was coming. With the expected Senate passage this week of broad legislation to finance the federal government through Sept. 30, a lucky few programs will be spared t
h
e brunt of the automatic spending cuts now coursing through the federal government. Also, managers in some departments, especially the Defense Department, will gain more flexibility to carry out cuts. The overall size of the cuts will remain the same, as 
w
ill the short-term impact on the economy, because total spending outside of entitlement programs like Medicare and Social Security must remain beneath a hard cap of $984 billion. One program's gain in the spending bill will mean another's loss, caution th
e
 Democratic and Republican authors of the bill, which the House seems poised to pass as well. The bill is a mixed blessing for President Obama and others, especially Democrats, who hope Congress will eventually reverse the recent cuts. The changes make th
e
 cuts less arbitrary and damaging in the eyes of many independent experts. They reduce the effect on programs that touch national security, child health and welfare, but they inhibit long-term economic growth, through science funding and other areas. But 
t
he new continuing resolution might have a political impact beyond the numbers: It could reduce some of the most obvious disruptions in federal services, potentially easing the pressure that Mr. Obama had hoped would soften Republican opposition to a repla
c
ement that combined spending cuts with tax increases. "The combination of the various appropriations bills, funding transfers and reprogramming authority takes the doom and gloom out of sequestration," said Chris Krueger, a senior policy analyst at Guggen
h
eim Securities' Washington Research Group. "You've still got $85 billion coming out. You're still going to get the hit to the economy." That means lower employment levels and slower growth this year, public and private forecasters have said. Rather than r
e
arranging the cuts across the budget, Ben S. Bernanke, the chairman of the Federal Reserve, has recommended holding them back until the still-sluggish recovery takes stronger hold. "Besides having adverse effects on jobs and incomes, a slower recovery wou
l
d lead to less actual deficit reduction in the short run," Mr. Bernanke said last month. Republican senators, some of whom have cheered on the "sequestration" cuts, spent Tuesday jostling for last-minute votes on their priorities. The new package of cuts 
c
leared its biggest procedural hurdle Monday night, with a 63-to-35 vote to end debate, but failed to win approval Tuesday. It still appears likely to pass the Senate this week, given Monday's vote, and to clear the House shortly after its final Senate vot
e
. The legislation would replace the current stopgap spending law with a more detailed plan. On Tuesday, Senator Jerry Moran, Republican of Kansas, shut down repeated efforts to get a final vote because he wanted the Federal Aviation Administration to prot
e
ct control towers at rural airports. Senators Mark Pryor, Democrat of Arkansas, and Roy Blunt, Republican of Missouri, pressed for a vote to ensure meat inspectors would not be furloughed. Senator Kelly Ayotte, Republican of New Hampshire, pleaded to kill
 
what she called a missile to nowhere -- a European-based missile defense system that both the Senate and House armed services committees have repeatedly tried to zero out -- and to shift the money to military operations and maintenance. "There's not going
 
to be another funding bill for the government until the end of this federal fiscal year," she said. "This is our only opportunity." The primary goal of the bill is to allow lawmakers to make distinctions among programs. The bill "includes some very limite
d changes to fix pressing problems," said Barbara A. Mikulski of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Maryland{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, chairwoman of the Senate Appropriations Committee. But, she said, there was only so much she and her Republican counterpart, Senator Richard C. Shelby of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Alabama{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}, could do under the 
constraints of assembling a measure that could pass the House. If, for instance, Congress maintained current levels of spending through September, $500 million would have gone to a space shuttle program that no longer exists, Ms. Mikulski said. The Pentag
o
n would get too much money for wars winding down and not enough for retraining and rebuilding a force depleted by more than a decade of fighting. With the changes, the Agriculture Department's nutrition program for woman, infants and children would receiv
e
 an additional $250 million under the Senate bill, enough to serve 300,000 more people. That sum would help offset a $333 million sequester cut that the program must absorb over the next six months. The remaining cuts could still hurt, but officials invol
v
ed in the program are holding off final decisions until Congress acts. Under sequestration, programs would first try to reduce the cost of the basket of goods provided to participants, by finding lower prices on goods like baby food and peanut butter, sai
d
 Douglas A. Greenaway, the president of the National WIC Association -- an umbrella group for state programs. But he added that the program was already lean and would most likely have to make more significant cuts, too. Pregnant women and newborns would b
e
 the first priority; postpartum women and 3- and 4-year-olds would be the lowest priority, he said. The State Department's embassy security, construction and maintenance account had been girding for a $79 million hit. Instead, an additional $90 million fo
r
 the rest of 2013 will leave the account slightly ahead of where it was last year. The federal child care and development block grant, slated for a $115 million cut, would lose $65 million instead. The Energy Department's nuclear weapons programs, promise
d
 large budget increases to win Republican votes for a 2010 nuclear arms accord, will still take a hit under sequestration. But the cut would be $237 million instead of $600 million. In exchange, other programs would experience larger cuts. Military constr
u
ction for barracks, schools and hospitals worldwide would lose billions of dollars. Energy research, already taking a 5 percent cut under the sequester, or more than $150 million, would absorb another $44 million loss. Other programs like Head Start, for 
e
arly education, would have roughly the same cut as previously planned. The program is expected to lose about 70,000 slots for children out of one million over all. Photograph Senators Patty Murray, Center, and Harry Reid, the Majority Leader, Spoke On the
 Budget in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 On Tuesday, When Some Senators Jostled to Gain Last-Minute Votes On Their Priorities. (Photograph by Stephen Crowley/the New York Times) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 18. It's Lose-Lose vs. Win-Win-Win-Win-Win}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 18 of 90
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 19. Arizona Border Quiets After Gains in Security}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 19 of 90
\par 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 20. Senate Democrats Finally Take a Stand}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 20 of 90
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 21. Economy Rolls Along, Despite Cuts And Taxes}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 21 of 90
\par 
\par Economy Rolls Along, Despite Cuts And Taxes
\par Author: Schwartz, Nelson D
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 16 Mar 2013: B.1.
\par }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.library.gatech.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1317093086?accountid=11107}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
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\par Abstract: Higher ga
s prices helped lift consumer prices by 0.7 percent in February, although the less volatile core reading that is closely followed by the Fed was up just 0.2 percent, according to other data released Friday by the Labor Department. According to Mr. Gault, 
the most important factor underlying the economy's recent strength is an improving housing sector -- a trend that may be further confirmed next week when Februrary statistics are released on housing starts and home sales. 
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=03624331&date=2013-03-16&volume=&issue=&spage=B.1&au=Schwartz,%20Nelson%20D&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3958249\charrsid14688761 {\*\datafield 
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{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: The American economy appears to be bucking the headwinds from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, buoyed by healthy busi
ness activity and resilient consumers. The latest evidence came on Friday with a better-than-expected report on industrial production, led by a jump in the automobile sector. It follows bullish indicators earlier in the week, including a drop in new unemp
l
oyment claims and strong retail sales. The data has surprised economists like Ethan Harris of Bank of America Merrill Lynch, who on Friday revised upward the company's prediction for growth in the first quarter to 3 percent from an earlier estimate of 2 p
e
rcent. Many experts had been looking for more of a drag from the restoration of full Social Security taxes in January and the automatic, across-the-board cuts in federal spending that began March 1, a process known as sequestration. "It feels like the eco
n
omy has some momentum and is in a little bit better shape to handle the sequester," Mr. Harris said. While higher taxes and lower federal spending are a "speed bump," he said, "the economy has better shock absorbers." Industrial production jumped 0.7 perc
ent in February, the biggest gain in three months, the Federal Reserve said. Economists had been expecting a 0.4 percent rise. Factory production and hiring are being bolstered in part by a rebound in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}China{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, which is driving output and exports among many ma
jor corporations, said Ian Shepherdson, chief economist for Pantheon Macroeconomic Advisors. The Chinese economy, the world's second-largest, slowed last summer and fall but regained momentum in recent months. To be sure, there are still reasons to be cau
tious, particularly in spring and early summer, when the combined force of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's fiscal restraint is expected to have its biggest impact. Gasoline prices have also been rising. Higher gas prices helped lift consumer prices by 0.7 percent in February,
 although the less volatile core reading that is closely followed by the Fed was up just 0.2 percent, according to other data released Friday by the Labor Department. The jump in payroll taxes and gas prices is squeezing lower-income consumers in particul
a
r, said Steve Blitz, chief economist at ITG. Big-ticket items like homes and cars continue to sell well, but otherwise-strong retail sales data out earlier this week showed that spending at restaurants declined for the second month in a row. "People who c
an't afford it aren't going out as much to eat," Mr. Blitz said. Consumer confidence is also shaky. The preliminary Thomson Reuters/University of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Michigan{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} reading for March showed an unexpected drop Friday, dropping to 71.8, from 77.6 in February, its lowes
t level since December 2011. But so far consumers have not markedly changed their spending habits; retail sales data on Wednesday was better than had been expected. The improved retail spending over all was the "clincher" in Mr. Harris's decision to raise
 his forecast for growth. Nigel Gault, chief {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}
 economist at IHS Global Insight, said that the wariness of consumers in the new survey "may simply be a vote of no confidence in the government and the problems in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. It may not be represen
ted in what consumers do." According to Mr. Gault, the most important factor underlying the economy's recent strength is an improving housing sector -- a trend that may be further confirmed next week when Februrary statistics are released on housing start
s
 and home sales. Not only do consumers feel more confident about spending when home values are rising, Mr. Gault said, but growth in the housing sector also results in greater demand for goods like furniture, carpeting and other furnishings. There are sug
g
estions of that kind of trickle-down in other recent economic reports. Of the 236,000 jobs the government reported as being created in February, 48,000 were in the construction sector. Similarly, building supplies were among the strongest components in th
e
 most recent report on retail sales. "Housing helps everything," said Mr. Gault, who also lifted his estimates for growth in the first quarter. Like Mr. Harris and several other economic forecasters, he also foresees a temporary slowdown in the second qua
r
ter when the worst fallout from the sequester and the higher taxes is expected to show up in the economy's Geiger counters. Despite the more robust indicators in recent weeks, the Fed is expected to maintain its efforts to keep interest rates ultralow and
 
pump tens of billions of dollars into the economy each month, a policy known as quantitative easing. The majority of Fed officials have said they would not consider a shift in policy as long as unemployment was above 6.5 percent. Fed policy makers are to 
m
eet Tuesday and Wednesday. While unemployment has come down slowly from its recent high of 10 percent, economists say the Fed's easy money policy has been integral to keeping the economy moving, as well as lifting the stock market to new highs. The Fed is
 pumping $85 billion into the financial system each month -- about what the sequester will drain from the economy between now and Sept. 30, said Maury Harris, chief {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} economist at UBS. The money created by the Fed's policies is slowly filtering 
its way through the economy as banks ease lending standards and increase some lines of credit. "It's not as quick as everyone hoped, but the money is being deployed," said Mr. Harris. "It has a lot of knock-on effects." Photograph A Rodon Group Factory in
 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hatfield{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Pa.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 Factory Output in February Was Up More Than Expected, According to the Federal Reserve. (Photograph by Matt Rourke/Associated Press) (B7) Charts: Industrial Production; Consumer Prices;Capacity Utilization (Source: Federal Reserve); 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}U.S.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} And Major Metropolitan Areas (Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics) (B7) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 22. Clamor to Be Spared the Pain as Budget Cuts Descend}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 22 of 90
\par 
\par Clamor to Be Spared the Pain as Budget Cuts Descend
\par Author: Pear, Robert
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 14 Mar 2013: A.22.
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\par Abstract: Hunter R. Rawlings III, a historian of ancient {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Greece{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 who is the president of the Association of American Universities, joined Wesley G. Bush, the chief executive of Northrop Grumman, the maker of surveillance drones and B-2 bombers,
 in a news conference in which they denounced the automatic cuts known as sequestration. "There is a fair amount of confusion," said Becky H. Timmons, an assistant vice president of the American Council on Education, an umbrella group that lobbies for col
leges and universities. 
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\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- Construction companies are 
lobbying the government to spare their projects from across-the-board cuts. Drug companies are pleading with the White House to use all the fees they pay to speed the approval of new medicines. And supporters of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}Israel{\*\xmlclose} have begun a campaign to make sure the Jewish state receives the full amount of military assistance promised by the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. A frenzy of lobbying has been touched off by President Obama's order to slice spending this year by $85 billion, divided equally between military and civilian pro
grams. The cuts have created new alliances and strange bedfellows. Hunter R. Rawlings III, a historian of ancient {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Greece{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 who is the president of the Association of American Universities, joined Wesley G. Bush, the chief executive of Northrop Grumman, the m
aker of surveillance drones and B-2 bombers, in a news conference in which they denounced the automatic cuts known as sequestration. Health care and education groups, advocates for poor people, and state and local officials who fought in the past for bigg
er budgets are now trying to minimize the pain. Anne Kauffman Nolon, the president of Hudson River HealthCare, which operates 22 community health centers in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, is urging Congress to provide money to offset the cuts. If that is not possible, she said,
 it would be better to delay opening new clinics so she and her colleagues did not have to cut back care for patients they already served. Ms. Nolon said her clinics were losing $1 million of the $10.8 million they expected from the federal government thi
s
 year to care for 87,000 patients. Nationwide, the number of clinics increased sharply under President George W. Bush, and Congress provided more money for clinics to serve people expected to gain insurance under Mr. Obama's health care overhaul. The pace
 
of lobbying has picked up because of a widespread belief that this year's cuts are locked in and may be a prelude to further cuts in the same programs in each of the next eight years. The Budget Control Act, signed by Mr. Obama in 2011, set annual spendin
g
 limits from 2013 through 2021 and calls for across-the-board cuts to enforce those limits. "Under the law, federal support of research is headed steadily downhill," said Mr. Rawlings, a former president of Cornell. "The nine-year trend is just terrible."
 
Thousands of patients, doctors and scientists from around the country plan to hold a rally here on April 8 to show support for biomedical research and the National Institutes of Health, which is losing $1.55 billion of its $31 billion annual budget. Mr. O
b
ama ordered the cuts after efforts to reach a bipartisan deal collapsed on Capitol Hill. Under a formula set by Congress, the White House calculated that domestic spending subject to the automatic cuts would be reduced by 5 percent. The White House has sp
e
cified how much will be cut from hundreds of accounts. The law calls for a uniform percentage cut in each "program, project and activity" within a budget account. Lobbyists and even some agency officials are trying to figure out what that means. "There is
 
a fair amount of confusion," said Becky H. Timmons, an assistant vice president of the American Council on Education, an umbrella group that lobbies for colleges and universities. "You can't find a college campus that can tell you exactly what will befall
 
them. There's a vague sword of Damocles hanging over us." When the Government Accountability Office, an investigative arm of Congress, examined automatic cuts under a similar law in 1986, it found "widespread confusion among agencies." Some, like the Educ
a
tion Department, have been clear about their plans this year. Others, like the N.I.H., are still trying to decide where to cut. Education Secretary Arne Duncan has issued a preliminary list showing how the cuts will affect the nation's 100 largest school 
districts. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}New York City{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 faces a 2.1 percent cut in school aid for children from low-income families under the Title I program. The cuts will reduce grants by 7.3 percent in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Boston{\*\xmlclose} and 10 percent in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Corpus Christi{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Tex.{\*\xmlclose}, while Title I aid to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}St. Louis{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} schoo
ls would not be cut. Federal education officials said they had little discretion. The money is distributed under a formula that takes account of changes in the number of poor children in a school district and limits cuts from one year to the next. Officia
l
s at the health institutes appear to have more discretion because they award grants based on scientific merit, in an elaborate process of peer review. The agency has 20 institutes focusing on different illnesses like cancer, heart disease and diabetes. Sa
l
ly J. Rockey, a deputy director of the N.I.H., said that the budget for each institute would be cut by 5 percent, but that the head of each institute would decide how to allocate the cuts. That creates opportunities for researchers and patients' advocates
 to weigh in. Dr. Robert P. Kimberly, a senior associate dean of the medical school at the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}University{\*\xmlclose} of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Alabama{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Birmingham{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, said he had informed members of Congress that "our research programs are already being cut back." The Food and Drug Administration 
relies heavily on "user fees" paid by drug companies to finance its operations, including the review of new products. Drug companies must continue paying the full amount of the fees -- nearly $1.7 billion this year -- but Mr. Obama's order prevents the ag
e
ncy from spending $83 million of the money collected. Drug makers are pressing Congress and the administration to change that. "By law, prescription drug user fees cannot be used for any purpose other than to support the F.D.A.'s human drug review program
,
" said Josephine C. Martin, an executive vice president of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, a lobby group for the industry. "The sequestration of user fees exacerbates the already severe budgetary constraints on the agency." Membe
rs of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee descended on Capitol Hill last week to oppose cuts in foreign aid, which could eliminate $155 million of the $3.1 billion in military assistance that Mr. Obama requested for 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Israel{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. At the same time, the Associated General Contractors of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, a trade group, has flooded Congress with e-mails and letters protesting the automatic cuts in hundreds of public works projects. "More than $4 billion in federal construction spending could be cut during the next se
ven months of the fiscal year as a result of the sequester," said James Christianson, a lobbyist for the contractors. College lobbyists said that military contractors had asked for help in fighting the automatic budget cuts. Together they found a confluen
ce of interests. "You can't have a strong military if you have a fat and uneducated pool of recruits," said Emily J. Holubowich, a {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 lobbyist who specializes in building coalitions. She is the executive director of the Coalition for Health Funding 
and a coordinator of a new advocacy group that champions spending for education, science, housing, transportation and law-enforcement programs. 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 23. Cuts Give Obama Path to Create Leaner Military}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 23 of 90
\par 
\par Cuts Give Obama Path to Create Leaner Military
\par Author: Sanger, David E; Shanker, Thom
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 11 Mar 2013: A.1.
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\par Abstract: Last week, a group of five former deputy defense secretaries -- essentially the Pentagon's chief operating officers -- called for a "bottom up" revie
w that reassesses the need for each major program and weapons system, saying this was an opportunity to accomplish cuts that have long been delayed, after a decade in which the American national security budget has nearly doubled. 
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}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: CORRECTION APPENDEDWASHINGTON -- At a time when $46 billion in mandatory budget cut
s are causing anxiety at the Pentagon, administration officials see one potential benefit: there may be an opening to argue for deep reductions in programs long in President Obama's sights, and long resisted by Congress. On the list are not only base clos
ings but also an additional reduction in deployed nuclear weapons and stockpiles and a restructuring of the military medical insurance program that costs more than {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} spends on all of its diplomacy and foreign aid around the world. Also being considere
d is yet another scaling back in next-generation warplanes, starting with the F-35, the most expensive weapons program in United States history. None of those programs would go away. But inside the Pentagon, even some senior officers are saying that the r
e
ductions, if done smartly, could easily exceed those mandated by sequestration, as the cuts are called, and leave room for the areas where the administration believes more money will be required. These include building drones, developing offensive and def
e
nsive cyberweapons and focusing on Special Operations forces. Publicly, at least, Mr. Obama has not backed any of those cuts, even though he has deplored the "dumb" approach of simply cutting every program in the military equally. Mr. Obama will visit Cap
i
tol Hill on Tuesday in another attempt to persuade lawmakers to reach a long-term deficit-reduction deal and replace the indiscriminate cuts with more targeted ones. Still, Pentagon officials are starting to examine targeted ways to cut their budget. "Wha
t
 we've learned in the past year is that the politics of dumb cuts is easy, because no one has to think through the implications of slicing everything by 8 percent," said one senior defense official who has been deeply involved in the planning process. "Th
e politics of cutting individual programs is as hard as it's always been." When Mr. Obama took office four years ago, with the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} wars raging, deep cuts in the defense budget seemed unthinkable. He forced the Pentagon to cut nearly $50 bil
lion a year, which was regarded by many as huge. But today, deficit hawks outnumber defense hawks on Capitol Hill, and the possibility of $100 billion or more in additional annual cuts does not seem outrageous -- if only agreement were possible on which p
r
ograms should shrink fastest. Last week, a group of five former deputy defense secretaries -- essentially the Pentagon's chief operating officers -- called for a "bottom up" review that reassesses the need for each major program and weapons system, saying
 
this was an opportunity to accomplish cuts that have long been delayed, after a decade in which the American national security budget has nearly doubled. In their more candid moments -- almost always when speaking with a guarantee of anonymity -- the Pent
a
gon's top civilian and military leaders acknowledge that the painful sequestration process may ultimately prove beneficial if it forces the Defense Department and Congress to reconsider the cost of cold-war-era systems that are still in inventory despite 
the many changes made to the military in the last 10 years. "Sequester is an ugly experience, but it could grow up to be a budget discipline swan," said Gordon Adams, a former senior budget official in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Clinton
{\*\xmlclose} administration who is now at the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Stimson{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, which studies defense issues. "It could provide the planning discipline the services and the building have been missing since 2001." The central challenge facing the Pentagon and the White House, Mr. Adams and several current senior officials said, i
s this: All the big, immediate budget benefits come from reducing the size of active-duty forces. By contrast, cutting new weapons systems and bases and reducing health care costs can save large amounts 5 to 10 years out, but it does little in the short t
erm. Mr. Obama took a step in that direction in 2011, when he rejected a Pentagon request for a permanent standing force of 100,000 or so troops for future "contingency operations" like those in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq
{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. "That's not the way we are going to go,"
 he told his staff after the request was received. The message quickly got back to the Pentagon that Mr. Obama had no interest in repeating the kind of lengthy interventions that have consumed more than $3 trillion since the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. But
 
the Pentagon's subsequent agreement to cut $500 billion in planned spending over a decade turns out to have been just a start, and military officials are now abandoning the phrase that they will have to "do more with less" and starting to assess what it w
o
uld mean to just do less. Toward that end, officials say that Ashton B. Carter, the deputy defense secretary, plans to convene a panel of experts to conduct a crash review of the current national military strategy with an eye to reshaping it to fit the ne
w
 budget constraints. Mr. Carter, whom the White House asked to remain under the new defense secretary, Chuck Hagel, has already cut the budget for information technology, to force the Pentagon to find cheaper ways to provide it, officials say. But the nex
t
 set of cuts will be much harder, because they involve huge constituencies -- in Congressional districts, inside the military services and among veterans' groups. "The problem is that the biggest, most-needed cuts are in programs that also have the broade
s
t set of defenders," said Maren Leed, the director of the defense policy studies group at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington and a former top aide to Gen. Ray Odierno, now the Army's chief of staff. The most obvious examples 
o
f those problems come in base closings and higher co-payments or premiums for the beneficiaries of Tricare, the military's sprawling health care program, which costs upward of $51 billion a year. To take the politics out of base closings, Congress in the 
p
ast has established a commission to identify underused facilities, creating a list that it could either vote up or down on but could not amend. But with many of the targeted bases now fairly obvious to members of Congress, they are reluctant even to estab
l
ish a new commission. Similarly, Congress turned back a modest administration effort to revamp Tricare. "There's not a single district without a lot of beneficiaries of the system," Ms. Leed said. Cuts in the nuclear arsenal face a different political imp
erative. Mr. Obama has been sitting for months on a proposal, agreed to by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, that could trim the number of active nuclear weapons in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}'s arsenal by nearly a third and make big cuts in the stockpile of backup weapons. But he ha
s not signed off on it. Rather than act unilaterally, the administration is hoping it can negotiate similar cuts with President Vladimir V. Putin of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Russia{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} -- and do it without a treaty that would surely set off another battle with defense hawks in the Sen
ate. But that prospect is doubtful, senior officials say. Even if Mr. Obama wins his strategic argument that the arsenal is far too large for {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}'s future defense needs, it is not clear how big the savings would be. The easiest weapons to cut -- those 
based in silos in the middle of the country -- are also the cheapest to keep in the field. The most expensive nuclear weapons to operate are carried aboard submarines; they are also the most invulnerable to attack, and thus Pentagon and White House strate
g
ists want to preserve them the longest. Moreover, operating a production base for nuclear weapons, the Defense Department's insurance policy in case the country ever needed to produce more, is very costly -- though the administration is looking for ways t
o
 cut an $80 billion commitment to remake America's nuclear laboratories. The biggest target of all is the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, a new jet for the Navy, the Air Force and the Marines, and the largest single line item in the Pentagon's budget. Between 
$
55 billion and $84 billion has already been spent, but the estimates of final production costs run close to $400 billion. The Marine Corps says it has no choice but to go forward with its version of the plane, because its current aircraft are obsolete, an
d
 the Air Force wants to replace aging F-16s with the new, stealthy plane. But the program was wildly mismanaged during the Bush administration -- "The Joint Strike Fighter program has been both a scandal and a tragedy," Senator John McCain, Republican of 
A
rizona, said in December 2011 -- and now that the number of planes scheduled for production has already been slashed, the per-plane cost has risen to about $137 million each. The handling of the production by Lockheed Martin, and the huge changes demanded
 
by each of the services, has made the plane an easy target for critics. But Lockheed has spread production over nearly every state in the union, in order to keep Congressional support high: as soon as the discussion veers toward strategic needs, Lockheed 
b
egins to stress the jobs at risk if the program were cut or canceled. Correction: March 18, 2013, Monday This article has been revised to reflect the following correction: An article last Monday about the possibility that President Obama could use $46 bil
l
ion in mandatory cuts to create a leaner military misstated the individual cost of F-35 warplanes, which could face another scaling back before going into production. According to a report last year by the Government Accountability Office, the average pri
ce is about $137 million each, not "well over $1 billion" each. Photograph An F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Assembly Line at a Lockheed Martin Plant in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Fort Worth{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}. The White House Is Considering Reducing the Weapons Program. (Photograph by Reuters); Deputy Defe
nse Secretary Ashton Carter, Right, and Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, Joint Chiefs Chairman, Testifying On the Cuts. (Photograph by J. Scott Applewhite/Associated Press) (A14) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 24. Jobless Rate Dips To Four-Year Low; 236,000 Jobs Added}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 24 of 90
\par 
\par Jobless Rate Dips To Four-Year Low; 236,000 Jobs Added
\par Author: Schwartz, Nelson D; Appelbaum, Binyamin
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 09 Mar 2013: A.1.
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\par Abstract: Even as analysts hailed a better-than-expected jobs report on Friday that pointed to an accelerati
on in growth, they warned that stronger employment gains are being put at risk by sequestration, the automatic spending cuts being imposed by the federal government. [...]he and other economists expected that the pace of job creation would slow, leaving t
he unemployment rate not much lower than where it is now. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
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\par Full text: The economy picked up speed in February, creating jobs at a pace that would substantially lower the unemployment rate. But {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 could put a stop to that. Even as analysts hailed a better-than-expected jobs report on F
riday that pointed to an acceleration in growth, they warned that stronger employment gains are being put at risk by sequestration, the automatic spending cuts being imposed by the federal government. "They're doing their best to get in the way," Nigel Ga
ult, chief {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 economist at IHS Global Insight, said of lawmakers and other officials. "But the good news is that the economy is carrying plenty of momentum going into sequestration." The Labor Department reported that the economy added 236,000 jo
bs in February as the unemployment rate sank to 7.7 percent, down from 7.9 percent in January and the lowest level since December 2008. Wall Street expected no more than 165,000 additional jobs in February, and the surprise helped lift the Dow Jones indus
trial average to another new nominal record, its fourth for the week. It closed at 14,397.07. But many experts said if it were not for political gridlock in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, which led to the automatic spending reductions on March 1, the performance of the job ma
rket and the broader economy would be even more robust in the months ahead. "It does suggest a bit more cushion heading into the spring, when we will see the bulk of the impact from the sequester and fiscal pullback," said Michelle Meyer, senior 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 economist at Bank of America Merrill Lynch. "This was a good report. It's hard to poke holes in it. But we think we'll see some slowdown in April and May because of the sequester." Mr. Gault estimated that the economy would achieve a 1.5 percent growth
 rate in the first half of 2013. Without the spending cuts and a rise in Social Security taxes that went into effect in January, he said, the economy would probably advance at double that pace. As a result, he and other economists expected that the pace o
f
 job creation would slow, leaving the unemployment rate not much lower than where it is now. If jobs were added at February's pace for the rest of 2013, the unemployment rate would crack the closely watched 7 percent level by the end of the year. Instead,
 
Ms. Meyer predicted that unemployment would remain near 7.5 percent. Macroeconomic Advisers, an independent forecasting firm, predicted that the federal spending cuts would cost about 700,000 jobs this year, with most of the damage occurring in the second
 
and third quarters. While the economy is expected to continue to add enough jobs to keep the jobless rate from rising significantly, estimates like these suggest that without the drag from Washington the labor market might have added, on average, a robust
 
300,000 jobs a month or so. The data for February, adjusted for normal seasonal variations, do not reflect the federal cuts, which are expected to affect not just government jobs but also industries that rely on public spending. Public sector employment c
ontinued a long decline, with the number of state and local government workers falling by 10,000 in February. Over all, there are now 366,000 fewer government workers in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} than there were two years ago. On Friday, the White House was quick t
o point to the new data as a sign that the economy is strengthening even as it warned of the impact from the squeeze on spending. "The recovery is gaining traction," said Alan Krueger, chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advisers. But the sequ
e
stration, he said, "is an unnecessary headwind. It's something that will slow the expansion. We're poised for stronger growth if we don't get in the way with misguided fiscal policy." In some respects, the rest of the year is shaping up as a tug of war be
t
ween a strengthening private sector and federal austerity. Private hiring last month was broad-based, with healthy job gains in several areas, including business services and manufacturing. The increase in construction was especially strong, with 48,000 m
o
re jobs, a sign that the recovery in the housing market was beginning to translate into new jobs. Hours worked were up and wages advanced as well. Not everything in the picture was brighter, however. One cause for concern was the continued shrinkage of th
e
 labor force, which had 130,000 fewer workers in February. Some of that was because of retirements, but another factor was discouraged workers who dropped out of the work force. The labor participation rate sank to 63.5 percent, a low for the current econ
o
mic cycle. Republicans said Friday's report was a welcome development but noted that the unemployment rate remained high by modern standards. "Today's jobs report brings good news for those who have returned to the work force, and we celebrate that," said
 Reince Priebus, chairman of the Republican National Committee. "But we must recognize that {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 must do better than 7.7 percent unemployment. There is still more work to be done." John Boehner, the Republican speaker of the House, echoed Mr. Priebus, an
d said that the government's large budget deficits posed economic risks of their own. "Any job creation is positive news, but the fact is unemployment in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} is still way above the levels the Obama White House projected when the trillion-dollar stimulu
s spending bill was enacted," he said. "And the federal government's ongoing spending binge has resulted in a debt that exceeds the size of our entire economy." At 7.7 percent, unemployment is still more than a percentage point above the level at which th
e
 Federal Reserve said it would reconsider efforts to stimulate the economy by keeping interest rates ultralow and buying up tens of billions in financial assets each month. "The report is not a game-changer for the Fed," said Julia Coronado, chief North A
merican economist at BNP Paribas. "The labor market is clearly moving in the right direction, although it is a slow improvement." Still, Friday's report gave Dan Haney a shot in the arm. "I was all psyched this morning," said Mr. Haney, a 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Philadelphia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} resid
ent who lost his job as a customer service representative for Express Scripts two years ago. Later this month, Mr. Haney has a job interview for a position as a union organizer, and he said he felt encouraged by signs employers were beginning to hire agai
n
. "At this point, I have to take what comes down the pike," said Mr. Haney, who is 54. "I'm on the computer every day looking for jobs." A high school graduate, Mr. Haney has some computer training but lacks a college degree, which has made finding a job 
a
ll the more difficult. "Some of these entry-level jobs say college is preferred," Mr. Haney said. "Why do you need a college degree to answer a phone?" The gulf between workers with a bachelor's degree and the rest of the population remains vast: unemploy
m
ent among college graduates was 3.8 percent, half the overall rate. But in an encouraging sign for people like Mr. Haney, the jobless rate for high school graduates dropped to 7.9 percent from 8.1 percent. "This was definitely a strong report," said Jan H
atzius, chief {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 economist at Goldman Sachs. "But we've had strong unemployment reports before in this recovery that weren't sustained." Chart The Labor Picture in February (Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics); Growing Jobs, but Could There Be Mo
re?: Spending Cuts by the Federal Government Are Expected to Be a Drag On Job Growth This Year, Costing Roughly 700,000 Jobs by One Estimate. (Source: Macroeconomic Advisers) (A3) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 25. Looming Cuts Add to Problems at Nuclear Site}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 25 of 90
\par 
\par Looming Cuts Add to Problems at Nuclear Site
\par Author: Johnson, Kirk
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 08 Mar 2013: A.14.
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\par Abstract: For the nation's largest environmental cleanup project, a legacy of World War II and the cold war, the announcement last month of six
 newly confirmed leaking tanks of radioactive waste was added evidence that even after decades of work and billions of dollars in taxpayer sacrifice, the Hanford Nuclear Reservation's risks remain unresolved. 
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\cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: RICHLAND, Wash. -- Here in the place where plutonium production for the nation's bomb arsenal was elevated to industrial 
scale, in the rolling scrub country of south-central Washington, dangerous industrial pollutants are still getting into the soil only a few miles from the Columbia River. For the nation's largest environmental cleanup project, a legacy of World War II and
 
the cold war, the announcement last month of six newly confirmed leaking tanks of radioactive waste was added evidence that even after decades of work and billions of dollars in taxpayer sacrifice, the Hanford Nuclear Reservation's risks remain unresolved
.
 But as Washington's new governor, Jay Inslee, swept onto the site on Wednesday for a hard-hat tour and a briefing, and federal officials warned of layoffs from budget cuts rippling through the federal Department of Energy, the reminder was equally clear,
 state and federal officials said, that government has always been the real defining force at this place. Nature might, in the end, bat last at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hanford{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, in deciding whether the land can ever be healed, but in the meantime government policy and spending deci
sions are running the bases. "I'm very disturbed that at the very month that we have six new leaking tanks of radioactive material, the sequestration hits, which could result in the furlough of several thousand people," said Mr. Inslee, a Democrat and a f
ormer congressman. The federal Department of Energy said this week that up to 4,800 workers out of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hanford{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's 9,000-person work force, mostly employed by private contractors, could be hit with furloughs or layoffs starting April 1. About 1,200 workers were a
lready laid off from late 2011 to January 2013 -- unrelated to the mandatory budget cuts known as the sequester -- as technical problems slowed down construction of a $12.3 billion waste processing plant at the site. Those cuts have already rippled throug
h
 the local economy. "It's nasty," said Joan Nelson, 72, the owner of Rosy's Ice Cream and Diner, a breakfast and lunch spot in Richland, where employee hours have been cut as residents stopped going out to eat as much. Ms. Nelson -- she named the place fo
r a doll she and her sisters shared growing up -- said {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Richland{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 has always swung in its ups and downs with the vicissitudes of the federal check. The city was essentially built from scratch as a federal company town for {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hanford{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} workers starting in 1943. "It's a roller coaster," she said. Her husband, David -- in a typical example of the web connecting the town and the vast federal works outside it -- is an electrical engineer at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hanford{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Federal cleanup managers, in interviews with reporters who were invited to the site for Mr. Inslee's walkabout, emphasized that the new leaks pose no public health threat to 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Richland{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} or anywhere else. The amounts are small, less than three gallons a day from the six newly identified leakers, and are far from any underground 
or surface water that might be contaminated, including the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Columbia River{\*\xmlclose}
 itself, they said. But the uncertainties in financial terms, about how things might proceed from here, and with what tools, are genuine and grave, they said. "We've got a lot of risks
 out there -- sequestration is one of them," said Tom Fletcher, who administers {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hanford{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's 177 tanks of radioactive waste as the assistant manager of tank farms at the Department of Energy's Office of River Protection. Mr. Inslee, who has declared a "zero tolerance policy," as regards environmental threats at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hanford{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 -- and the federal government's decades-old promise to fix what it broke on the land -- said he would be unrelenting in keeping the pressure on. He applauded a decision this week by the Departme
nt of Energy to accelerate proposals to send some lower-level nuclear waste -- including material from five of the leaking tanks -- to a repository in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New Mexico{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}. But those plans also face hurdles in approvals and technical details, and are years into the 
future in any event, Mr. Inslee conceded, which means the leaks will continue. That federal spending could retreat even as the need for its continuation is underscored by new leaks, Mr. Inslee said, is the real threat at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hanford{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. "Not only will it slow dow
n this process, which we have been waiting decades to get done, but it will also make it more expensive for the taxpayers in the long run," he said, referring to the job cuts. "So this is extremely discouraging news that the Congress has not been able to 
solve this problem." No one doubts that the cleanup of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hanford{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 -- in scale and technical challenge, and therefore, cost -- is anything but daunting. Nine nuclear reactors, producing plutonium for bombs -- from the one that exploded over Nagasaki in 1945, to
 the ballistic missile stockpiles of the 1950s through the '80s -- created waste that piled up year upon year to a total of about 56 million gallons' worth. About one million gallons of that is believed to have leaked over time from 67 of the 149 single-s
h
ell storage tanks at the 586-square-mile site. Part of the problem that has nagged construction of a treatment plant -- which would fuse the waste with glass into stable, storable logs for long-term burial, a process called vitrification -- is knowing wit
h
 certainty the composition of the waste that might flow through pipelines from the tanks. That led to a halt of construction last year at one of the four giant structures, called the pretreatment building, until technical questions could be resolved, said
 
Todd A. Nelson, a spokesman for the lead contractor at the plant construction site, Bechtel National. Work was also reduced on one other building, he said, pending resolution of technical questions and completion of design. Those kinds of problems have be
en {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hanford{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's chronic pattern, said Tom Carpenter, the executive director of Hanford Challenge, a Seattle-based watchdog group that has represented whistle-blowers at the site. "What you end up with is a system that's very good at spending money," he said. A
nd wasting it: On Thursday, a {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Colorado{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 company called CH2M Hill Hanford Group and its parent company, a contractor in managing the waste tanks, agreed to pay $18.5 million to settle civil and criminal federal allegations of timecard fraud in billing for ye
ars of inflated overtime, the Justice Department said. Photograph The Cleanup of the Remnants of Bomb Making Is Under Way at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Where Six Tanks of Radioactive Waste Are Said to Be Leaking.; Gov. Jay Inslee of Washington Said 
He Was Disturbed That the Possibility of Automatic Federal Budget Cuts Came to Light Just As It Was Confirmed That Radioactive Waste Was Leaking From Tanks at Hanford. (Photographs by Matthew Ryan Williams for the New York Times) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 26. A Budget Delayed, to Little G.O.P. Sympathy}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 26 of 90
\par _______________________________________________________________
\par }{\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14688761 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs18\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 {\tc {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 27. House G.O.P. Plans a Budget That Retains Tax Increases and Medicare Cuts}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 27 of 90
\par 
\par House G.O.P. Plans a Budget That Retains Tax Increases and Medicare Cuts
\par Author: Weisman, Jonathan
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 07 Mar 2013: A.14.
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\par Abstract: [...]Mr. Ryan offered tempered praise for the cuts to Medicare that helped finance the Affordable Care Act, cuts that he denounced as his party'
s vice-presidential nominee but that will help him avoid subjecting people older than 55 to his Medicare changes. "Because of Obamacare, you have -- for a moment in time -- lower Medicare spending rates," he said. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.
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\par Full text: WASHINGTON -- House Republicans will preserve Medicare cuts that their presi
dential nominee loudly denounced last year and accept tax increases they sternly opposed just months ago in a new tax-and-spending blueprint that would bring the federal budget into balance by 2023, senior Republicans said Wednesday. But the politically c
h
arged proposal, which emerged as the House easily passed legislation to keep the government financed through Sept. 30, is not expected to include workers currently 55 and over in major changes recommended for Medicare, after more moderate Republicans obje
c
ted. The vote on the short-term spending bill was moved up because of a predicted storm that failed to meet expectations but that still shut down the federal government. "Our goal is not to pass a budget and forget about it," said Representative Paul D. R
yan of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Wisconsin{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, chairman of the House Budget Committee. "Our goal is to get a down payment on this problem for {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}
}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. The value of a Republican majority ought to be, at the very least, to help delay a debt crisis from hitting this country." Although the
 House budget will not formally be unveiled until next Tuesday, the briefing by Mr. Ryan kicked off what could be a more orderly process of reviewing the nation's fiscal picture after two years of chaotic clashes on the issue. As the spending measure adva
n
ced, President Obama kept up his charm offensive with Republicans in pursuit of a bipartisan deal to reduce the deficit and undo the automatic spending cuts that took effect on Friday. He dined with nearly a dozen Senate Republicans at the Jefferson Hotel
 in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 on Wednesday night, and he continued his phone calls, reaching out to Senator Johnny Isakson, Republican of Georgia, and speaking for some time to Mr. Ryan, the congressman confirmed. Mr. Obama is expected to invite him to lunch in the coming
 days. Senator Ron Johnson of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Wisconsin{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, one of Mr. Obama's fiercest critics in the Senate, who nonetheless accepted a dinner invitation from him, said: "I've always said I'm willing to work with anybody who's willing to acknowledge the problem to solve it
. Maybe that got noticed. I'll certainly give the president the benefit of the doubt." Introduction of the House budget will be the first substantive step toward any bipartisan legislative deal on the deficit, but the path forward is narrow and steep. Mr.
 
Ryan said his plan would bring the budget into balance in a decade, largely by sticking to the prescriptions of his last two budgets, which Mr. Obama made foils of his re-election campaign. Those include cutting spending on food stamps and social services
,
 converting Medicare into a system that gives older people a fixed subsidy that would be used to buy insurance on the private market and turning Medicaid -- the health care program for the poor -- into block grants to states. "I wouldn't expect big surpri
s
es from us next week," Mr. Ryan said. But he made clear he would extend some olive branches, for the sake of comity but also in pursuit of his balanced budget. The tax increases on the affluent that Mr. Obama secured in January during the showdown over th
e
 so-called fiscal cliff will be reflected in the revenues Republicans expect to flow to the Treasury in their budget. "Revenue went up significantly two months ago with the fiscal cliff deal," Mr. Ryan said. "We're not going to refight that fight." Also, 
M
r. Ryan offered tempered praise for the cuts to Medicare that helped finance the Affordable Care Act, cuts that he denounced as his party's vice-presidential nominee but that will help him avoid subjecting people older than 55 to his Medicare changes. "Be
c
ause of Obamacare, you have -- for a moment in time -- lower Medicare spending rates," he said. With higher taxes, Medicare cuts and an unexpected slowdown in health care spending, budget experts say the House budget needs only about $100 billion in addit
i
onal cuts toward the end of the decade. In Mr. Ryan's last two budgets, he also banked the $716 billion in Medicare cuts for the health law for deficit reduction, but when the Republican presidential nominee, Mitt Romney, attacked the president for those 
cuts and pledged to restore that money, Mr. Ryan fell in line. "Paul Ryan and I will restore those dollars to our seniors and to Medicare," Mr. Romney said last October at a campaign appearance in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Henderson{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Nev.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, with Mr. Ryan at his side. But Mr. Ryan had
 good reason to drop that pledge. He needed the money. As budget chairman he had argued that to get the budget to balance, he needed to have Medicare savings go into force earlier, even if that meant dropping the pledge to shield those 55 and over. "It's 
a
 concern to a number of members," said Representative Charlie Dent, Republican of Pennsylvania. "Many of us campaigned on making sure that there would be no changes for retirees or near-retirees." But before lawmakers can fight over the broad shape of the
 
federal government, they must keep the current government open for business, and the House moved Wednesday to do that. The vote, 267 to 151, included 53 Democrats and indicated that the Senate would have little political latitude to take the spending bill
 
in a drastically different direction. The House bill gives military and veterans' programs some breathing room under the automatic spending cuts that took effect on Friday by increasing financing for Pentagon priorities. The measure also seeks to thwart t
h
e Postal Service's plan to halt Saturday home delivery by requiring a six-day schedule. But domestic programs are left largely unprotected from cuts of up to 11 percent under the so-called sequester. "Today the House has taken the first step towards assur
ing the American people that the federal government will stay open, which President Obama agrees should be our shared goal," said Speaker John A. Boehner of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}. "The Senate should pass the House measure without delay so we can continue focusing on helping
 Americans get back to work and putting the country on a path to a balanced budget." That is not likely to happen. Senator Barbara A. Mikulski, Democrat of Maryland, the chairwoman of the Senate Appropriations Committee, said she would demand the kind of 
c
hanges the House afforded military programs for at least some of the nondefense side of the spending bill. That way Congress can prioritize programs that bolster economic growth now, like transportation and infrastructure, and strengthen future economic g
r
owth through science and technology, even within the strictures of across-the-board cuts. She praised the House for moving quickly on its bill rather than flirting with a government shutdown on March 27, when the current stopgap spending bill expires. But
, she said, the bill "is too spartan for us because it does not contain domestic priorities." Credit: JONATHAN WEISMAN; Jeremy W. Peters contributed reporting. Photograph Snow Shut Down Some Offices in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} On Wednesday, and the House Moved Up a Vote On a Bill to Keep the Government Financed Through Sept. 30. (Photograph by Doug Mills/the New York Times) 
\par Subject: Tax increases; Federal budget; Medicare; Nominations
\par People: Isakson, Johnny, Ryan, Paul, Johnson, Ron
\par Company / organization: Name: House of Representatives-Budget, Committee on the; NAICS: 921120; Name: Republican Party; NAICS: 813940
\par Publication title: New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par Pages: A.14
\par Publication year: 2013
\par Publication date: Mar 7, 2013
\par Year: 2013
\par Section: A
\par Publisher: New York Times Company
\par Place of publication: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}New York{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}N.Y.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par Country of publication: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par Publication subject: General Interest Periodicals--{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par ISSN: 03624331
\par CODEN: NYTIAO
\par Source type: Newspapers
\par Language of publication: English
\par Document type: News
\par ProQuest document ID: 1314866055
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\par Copyright: Copyright New York Times Company Mar 7, 2013
\par Last updated: 2013-03-13
\par Database: New York Times,National Newspapers Core,ProQuest Newsstand
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 28. Amid Cuts, Does a President Dare Tee Off?}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 28 of 90
\par 
\par Amid Cuts, Does a President Dare Tee Off?
\par Author: Shear, Michael D
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 07 Mar 2013: A.14.
\par }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.library.gatech.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1314866075?accountid=11107}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
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0037000000795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab00000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 ProQuest document link}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par Abstract: Ari Fleischer, press secretary to President George W. Bush, said: "If George Bush were playing golf while this was under way, there would be pandemonium in the press corps about it." 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
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are%20Tee%20Off?:%20%5BNational%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-03-07&volume=&issue=&spage=A.14&au=Shear,%20Michael%20D&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- Fair or not
, the extracurricular lives of American presidents are often measured by how they compare with the everyday pursuits of the people they lead. And so as the nation's federal workers and others prepare to tighten their belts amid budget cuts, reduced overti
m
e and furloughs, it is inevitable that someone would ask the question about President Obama and golf. It came this week from, among others, Newt Gingrich, the former House speaker and Republican presidential candidate, who expressed outrage that the White
 
House had canceled daily tours of 1600 Pennsylvania at the behest of the Secret Service, which said its officers were needed more elsewhere. "Canceling White House tours is childish and dishonest," Mr. Gingrich said on Twitter, citing a recent golf vacati
on the president took to the Floridian Yacht and Golf Club resort with a handful of friends and his Secret Service entourage. "The golf weekend in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Florida{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} cost enough to keep the White House open for months." Representative Louie Gohmert, Republican of Texa
s, even proposed an amendment that would prohibit the president from going on any more golf trips at federal expense until the tours resume at the White House. Ari Fleischer, press secretary to President George W. Bush, said: "If George Bush were playing 
g
olf while this was under way, there would be pandemonium in the press corps about it." For Mr. Obama, the months ahead will be tricky. Few people object to a president taking some time to relax -- to work out, play basketball, sit on a beach, go to dinner
.
 And like all presidents before him, Mr. Obama does all those things with the costly machinery of government orbiting around him. But the budget cuts known as sequestration are going to have an outsize effect on government workers who, like Mr. Obama, get
 
their paycheck from the federal treasury. Some will be furloughed as often as once a week. Others will lose overtime, forcing them to cancel vacations or trim household expenses. Officials said the White House staff would be affected, too. Some people wil
l
 be furloughed, some nonessential equipment purchases will be delayed, and some staff members -- though, by law, not the president himself -- will be subject to reduced salaries. "People are going to be hurt," Mr. Obama declared just hours before the cuts
 went into effect last week. So the president's White House advisers are going to have to confront the question of how, or whether, to adjust his family's activities. Should they go to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Martha's Vineyard{\*\xmlclose}
? Will Michelle Obama and the couple's daughters avoid trips like the ski vacation they took to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Aspen{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 last month? And what about the golf that Mr. Obama frequently plays at the nearby Joint Base Andrews? Mr. Fleischer pointed out that the Pentagon's leaders have warned that the budget cuts will have a serious 
impact on the readiness of the nation's military. "What does it say about a sequester if a military golf course can stay open during it?" he said. Charlie Black, a Republican consultant, said presidents deserved some time off, but added that Mr. Obama was
 vulnerable to criticism because he and his advisers "blew way out of proportion" the impact of the cuts. "Maybe the crisis the president inflated will be alleviated enough for him to go to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Martha's Vineyard
{\*\xmlclose} in August," Mr. Black said. A White House adviser
 said he did not know what Mr. Obama's plans were for trips in the coming months, but he said the president's staff would consider the impact of the budget cuts at the time. "It's too early to say," said Josh Earnest, the deputy White House press secretar
y. "But he is the president of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 wherever he goes, 24 hours a day. People don't begrudge him taking a little time off." If the past is any guide, Mr. Obama tends to push ahead with life outside his day job even when it is sure to risk criticism. The Obamas spent a week at an estate in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Martha's Vineyard{\*\xmlclose} in 2009 and 2010, even as the economic crisis was still gripping the country. In 2011, he went to the island just after the debt crisis fight but left early after an earthquake hit 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and Hurricane Irene headed toward the East Coast. Mr. Obama has also traveled to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Hawaii{\*\xmlclose}
 each year in late December and his family has taken short vacations to Yosemite and the mountains of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}North Carolina{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. Mrs. Obama, her daughter Sasha and some friends took a trip to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Spain{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 in the summer of 2010 that drew criticism for its cost. Such is the life of a modern president and his family. The first President Bush was mocked as out of touch when he was seen on a speedboat in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Kennebunkport{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Maine{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, during an economic downturn. President Bill Clinton hobnobbed with {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Hollywood
{\*\xmlclose} glitterati and took heat for it. And like Mr. Obama, the second President Bush was criticized for his frequent golf outings, which sometimes made him seem disconnected from the grim task of leading 
a nation in war. For Mr. Obama, the golf weekend in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Florida{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 last month drew criticism at the time. But that was before budget cuts that officials say will build in intensity over the spring and summer. For now, aides say they know of no plans for another such outing. 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 29. From One Budget Fight to the Next}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 29 of 90
\par 
\par From One Budget Fight to the Next
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 07 Mar 2013: A.26.
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\par Abstract: The House bill would give the Pentagon a brand-new budget, allowing it to make the cuts in low-priority areas, preventing the reductions in military readiness that generals have been warning about. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.edu/sfx_gatech?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=unknown&sid=ProQ:ProQ:n
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00795881f43b1d7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab00000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text:
 Unable to stop the sequester's job-killing spending cuts, President Obama now says he wants to move past the endless wars of budget attrition. Though he still wants a long-term deficit deal, he said last week, it is time to turn to immigration, gun contr
o
l, universal preschool, a higher minimum wage and voting reform. But Republicans are not going to allow that pivot. Most are unalterably opposed to all of those initiatives, and want to keep their focus on cutting domestic programs and fighting off tax in
c
reases. At a time when Republicans are divided on many social issues, the budget wars are one of the few things that unite them. A variety of insidious new budget proposals are now emerging from the House. On Wednesday, by a 267-to-151 vote, the House app
r
oved a stopgap spending resolution to keep the government running for the last half of the fiscal year, replacing the one that expires on March 27. Such "continuing resolutions," which fund the government at the previous year's level, demonstrate Congress
'
s inability to do its most basic job of making spending decisions. But this new resolution is worse because it also includes the sequester's brutal cuts -- except in a few crucial areas that are Republican priorities. The House bill would give the Pentago
n a brand-new budget, allowing it to make the cuts in low-priority areas, preventing the reductions in military readiness that generals have been warning about. It prevents staffing cuts in the Border Patrol, and adds money for 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Israel{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and embassy security. 
It makes health care reform a target for special cuts, and even specifies that no money is to be spent on the community group known as Acorn, though that group has not existed since 2010. But it allows no flexibility or extra money to prevent cuts to prog
r
ams like unemployment benefits, nutrition aid, housing assistance and education grants. Republicans do not care about those programs and left the sequester cuts in place for them. Simple fairness demands that Senate Democrats call for equal flexibility an
d money for the most important domestic programs in their version of the bill, as Barbara Mikulski of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Maryland{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, the new Appropriations Committee chairwoman, has vowed to do. (Mr. Obama already said that he would not use the threat of a government shutdown t
o fight the sequester cuts, rejecting the extortionate tactics Republicans regularly use.) The Republicans have made it clear that the spending fight will never cease. They haven't promised not to abuse the next debt-ceiling increase, necessary in the nex
t
 few months, to get further cuts. And Paul Ryan, the House Budget Committee chairman, will soon unveil his caucus's 2014 budget, which will start to make good on the party's ruinous plan to balance the budget in 10 years. To do so, he is reviving his disc
r
edited proposal to turn Medicare into a voucher program, and considered making it worse by cutting benefits for people who are now 56 and younger; an earlier plan cut benefits for those 55 and below. Republicans are hoping to wear down their opposition wi
th these eternal battles. But their proposals are too dangerous to allow that to happen. 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 30. General Says 20,000 Troops Should Stay In Afghanistan}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 30 of 90
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 31. White House Tours Halted Over Cuts; Congress Says, 'We're Open'}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 31 of 90
\par 
\par White House Tours Halted Over Cuts; Congress Says, 'We're Open'
\par Author: Parker, Ashley
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 06 Mar 2013: A.16.
\par }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.library.gatech.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1314658033?accountid=11107}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
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\par Abstract: Representative Louie Gohmert, Republican
 of Texas, is trying to introduce an amendment to a stopgap measure to finance the government through the rest of the fiscal year that would prevent Mr. Obama from using federal money to transport himself to and from golf outings until the White House res
umed its tours.\\n 
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e're%20Open':%20%5BNational%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-03-06&volume=&issue=&spage=A.16&au=Parker,%20Ashley&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: WASHINGTON -- The Obama administr
ation told members of Congress on Tuesday that it was canceling all White House tours beginning on Saturday because of the $85 billion in across-the-board spending cuts that went into effect last week. Constituents who want to visit the White House must g
o
 through their representatives to schedule a tour, so Congressional offices will be forced to turn away visitors hoping for a tour and contact others to cancel scheduled tours. Lawmakers are being forced to trim their budgets, too. On Monday, Representati
v
e Candice Miller, Republican of Michigan and chairwoman of the House Administration Committee, told members that their 2013 office budget authorizations were being reduced by 8.2 percent. "Although sequestration isn't the ideal way to reduce government sp
e
nding," Ms. Miller said in a statement, "it is now the law, and Congress is not, and should not be, immune." Lawmakers, however, will have the discretion to choose how to absorb the cuts. In its own advisory, the White House made it clear that it understo
o
d that its move would inconvenience tourists and could cause a headache for lawmakers. "We very much regret having to take this action, particularly during the popular spring touring season," the e-mail said. Many members of Congress took to Twitter to vo
i
ce their displeasure, although some also tried to offer a positive spin, suggesting that visitors should instead visit the Capitol. "White House cancels tours over sequestration; House admin welcomes Americans visiting D.C. to tour Capitol instead," read 
a
 Twitter message by the House Administration Committee. Representative Cathy McMorris Rodgers, Republican of Washington and chairwoman of the House Republican Conference, similarly welcomed tourists to visit the Capitol, and accused President Obama of pla
y
ing politics with the budget cuts. "It's unfortunate the president has chosen to implement his sequester by canceling White House tours instead of urging Senate Democrats to cut wasteful spending," she said in a statement. "We welcome the opportunity to p
r
ovide a free tour of the U.S. Capitol to anyone visiting Washington who will now be unable to visit the White House because of the president's decision. Spending is the problem. And instead of making responsible spending cuts, the president has now denied
 
American people access to the White House." Representative James Lankford, Republican of Oklahoma, said he was "a little surprised" that the White House had shut down tours, calling the decision "a dramatic overreaction." "The White House always tries to 
m
ake things as public and harsh as they can, rather than saying they're going to try to reduce spending and make responsible decisions," he said. "They are trying to reduce access and trying to make it look bad." Many Democrats, however, said the White Hou
s
e was simply making tough choices to handle the budget cuts that Congress did not stop. "The White House is doing what it has to do," said Representative Steve Israel, Democrat of New York and chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee. M
r. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Israel{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 said his office was drafting e-mails to constituents whose tours were canceled, as well as to those who had made requests for tours. "House Republicans are hurting everyday Americans," he said, "including those who simply want to tour the White Ho
use." Representative Louie Gohmert, Republican of Texas, is trying to introduce an amendment to a stopgap measure to finance the government through the rest of the fiscal year that would prevent Mr. Obama from using federal money to transport himself to a
nd from golf outings until the White House resumed its tours. 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 32. Obama Faces Political Risks in Emphasizing Effects of Spending Cuts}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 32 of 90
\par 
\par Obama Faces Political Risks in Emphasizing Effects of Spending Cuts
\par Author: Shear, Michael D
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 05 Mar 2013: A.15.
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\par Abstract: [...]Mr. Obama is carefully navigating between maximizing heat on Republicans to undo the cuts while mobilizing efforts to make sure that the steep spending cuts do not hurt Americans. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK
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\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- As the nation's top Democrat, President Obama 
has a clear imperative: to ratchet up pressure on Republicans for across-the-board spending cuts by using the power of his office to dramatize the impact on families, businesses and the military. But as president, Mr. Obama is charged with minimizing the 
d
amage from the spending reductions and must steer clear of talking down the economy. A sustained campaign against the cuts by the president could become what one former aide called "a self-fulfilling kind of mess." As a result, Mr. Obama is carefully navi
g
ating between maximizing heat on Republicans to undo the cuts while mobilizing efforts to make sure that the steep spending cuts do not hurt Americans. His advisers acknowledge the potential political perils ahead as the president struggles to find the ri
g
ht kind of balance. At his first cabinet meeting of his second term on Monday, Mr. Obama called the cuts an "area of deep concern" that would slow the country's growth, but promised to "manage through it" while pursuing a robust agenda. It was an echo of 
h
is formulations from the White House podium on Friday, when he began to dial back the dire warnings about long lines at airports and furloughs of F.B.I. agents, to name a couple, that he had made over the past several weeks. "I've instructed not just my W
h
ite House but every agency to make sure that regardless of some of the challenges that they may face because of sequestration, we're not going to stop working on behalf of the American people," Mr. Obama said, using the formal name for the spending cuts. 
T
he president's approach is unlikely to satisfy Mr. Obama's most partisan backers, who view blaming Republicans for the deep spending cuts -- especially in the military -- as a tantalizing opportunity for political gain. And stepping back from a battle ove
r
 the cuts could allow the significantly lower spending to become the "new normal" for the federal budget. But a high-profile focus on the cuts in the months ahead is risky, too. If severe economic pain ultimately fails to materialize, Mr. Obama could be b
l
amed for hyping the situation, much like his cabinet secretaries were in recent weeks. (Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano, for example, was criticized for declaring the nation would be "less safe" because of furloughs of border patrol agents.) 
S
eeking short-term political gain with the spending cuts could also make more difficult the president's hopes for a longer-term budget deal with Republicans on taxes and entitlement spending. Mr. Obama's team is keenly aware that the more he focuses on the
 
cuts, the more he threatens to divert attention from his second-term priorities on guns, immigration and preschool. "You can't simply put them on hold and simply deal with this," David Axelrod, a former top adviser to Mr. Obama, said in an interview. The 
d
anger of sounding the alarm on the sequester, he said, is that "you can so magnify the impact of it so that it becomes an even bigger self-fulfilling kind of mess." Mr. Obama was careful during his first term to seize on any bit of good economic news so t
h
at no one could accuse him of hurting the economy by his statements. That desire to be upbeat -- as in 2010, when administration officials declared a "recovery summer" just before the economy dipped again -- sometimes got him into trouble. The question no
w
 for the president is how much to keep up the drumbeat of concern about the spending cuts in the weeks ahead. In talking points distributed by the White House to Democratic pundits on Friday, advisers suggested focusing on how Republican refusal to accept
 
tax increases will "threaten our national security and hundreds of thousands of middle-class jobs and our entire economy while too many Americans are still looking for work." But the document also urges them to make the point that it is time to turn to ot
her issues. Former Senator Tom Daschle of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}South Dakota{\*\xmlclose}, the Democratic leader during the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Clinton{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 years and the first term of George W. Bush, said he expects the president will not spend much time talking about the cuts. "What he has to do is say, 'I warned 
you about this, it's going to happen, it's gradual, but at the same time, we've got a country to run,' " Mr. Daschle said. "You're not going to hear him with much more hyperbolic rhetoric." Senior White House aides said as much on Friday before Mr. Obama 
f
ormally signed the order putting the cuts into effect. They told reporters that sequestration cuts would not be the only thing the president talks about -- or even the majority of what he talks about -- in the weeks ahead. But they said he will try to sco
r
e a political point when opportunities arise. Aides continue to bet that they will. Even without Mr. Obama's intervention, White House officials said they expect the effect of the cuts will slowly become more visible. Government workers will begin forced 
f
urloughs in April, air control towers in small towns will eventually close and a lack of overtime for airport security officers will make lines longer over time. "This is a slow-roll disaster instead of a meteor hitting," said Matt Bennett, a Clinton-era 
adviser and the vice president for communications at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname address}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname Street}}Third Way{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, a liberal research group. "It's coming on slowly. You are going to see it popping up." But it's also possible that the severe angst is limited to relatively small communities of interest: feder
al workers, defense contractors, service providers who depend on government grants. If that happens, Mr. Obama would have little leverage to use against Republicans. "It's imperative not to lose sight of the rest of the agenda," said Jim Manley, a former 
top aide to Senator Harry Reid of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Nevada{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, the majority leader. "They are smart enough to realize it's a delicate balancing act." Photograph President Obama On Monday at the First Cabinet Meeting of His Second Term. It Was Also the First Cabinet Meeting for 
Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel, Next to Him. (Photograph by Doug Mills/the New York Times) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 33. The Effects of the Federal Budget Cuts}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 33 of 90
\par 
\par The Effects of the Federal Budget Cuts
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 05 Mar 2013: A.24.
\par }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.library.gatech.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1314456864?accountid=11107}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
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\par Abstract: None available.
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.edu/sfx_gatech?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=unknown&sid=ProQ:ProQ:nationalnewscore&atitle=The%20Effects%20of%20the%20Federal%20Budget%20Cuts:%20%5BLetter%5D&title
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\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: To the Editor: Re "Singing the Sequester Soap Opera" (Op-Ed, March 2): Joe Scarborough is de
finitely correct that the sky did not and will not fall owing to the sequester, and that the White House may have overplayed its hand on this point. But I take issue with some of his numbers. First, he notes that "the actual cuts implemented this year wil
l
 amount to only $42 billion out of a $3.5 trillion budget." But he's referring to the fiscal year, which ends in September. To most people "the year" means the calendar year, over which the actual cuts will amount to $66 billion. Also, by law -- foolish l
a
w, but that's another matter -- those cuts are restricted to parts of the budget, so instead of the 1 percent that Mr. Scarborough claims, they amount to over 5 percent as a share of the parts they actually hit (for example, the defense cuts are 8 percent
)
. Finally, it is widely agreed upon by nonpartisan analysts that if the cuts remain in place, they will eventually shave half a point off gross domestic product growth this year and lead to the loss of hundreds of thousands of jobs. If the sequester stick
s
, the unemployment rate will also stick -- at its already elevated level of 8 percent. That's not recessionary, but it's terrible public policy. JARED BERNSTEIN Washington, March 2, 2013 The writer is an economist with the Center on Budget and Policy Prio
r
ities and a former economic adviser to Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. To the Editor: Like the House Republican he once was, Joe Scarborough not only diminishes the potential harm of the sequester's cuts but also argues that the primary problem in the 
U
nited States right now is the debt. Wrong on both counts. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that 750,000 jobs will be lost because of these cuts. This is real harm, to real families. In addition, the sequester will cut federal unemployment benefit
s ("As the Cuts Hit Home," editorial, March 2), squeezing the unemployed to the breaking point. The real, immediate problem facing this country is unemployment, not debt. The G.O.P. and its cheerleaders got it wrong with the Bush tax cuts, the war in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, 
their economic policies, their obstruction of President Obama and their continued drumbeat about the debt. If only the sequester had called for deep salary cuts for Congress and the pundits who are mouthpieces for the G.O.P., then House Republicans would 
have joined the president in a balanced deal that would have saved America's families from this unnecessary pain. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}BARBARA WEBER-FLOYD Westhampton Beach{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}N.Y.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, March 2, 2013 The writer is a former journalist who has covered both national politics and busines
s. To the Editor: There is an almost palpable sense of smugness and self-satisfaction as Joe Scarborough ridicules the administration and its alleged hyperbole. It is his blatant disregard for the real impact on real lives that is so appalling. President 
O
bama has attempted to give a face to an abstraction, speaking of the effects of sequestration: from the young children not in the Head Start program, to the federal worker with an unwanted unpaid furlough, to the long-term unemployed who will see benefits
 
slashed. Mr. Scarborough sees only numbers on a page. This is not Armageddon. But I wonder how Mr. Scarborough would have reacted had this money come from the revenue side of the equation by removing irrational and unnecessary tax benefits to hedge fund m
a
nagers and subsidies to oil industry giants. Would he have been so cavalier in his words? What Mr. Scarborough sees as de minimis feels to me like an extension of Mitt Romney's comments about the 47 percent, dripping with contempt and disregard for the we
lfare of so many. This country is far more than a mathematical equation. ROBERT S. NUSSBAUM {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Fort Lee{\*\xmlclose}, N.J., March 2, 2013 Illustration Drawing (Drawing by Eric Hanson) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 34. Come Home, America}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 34 of 90
\par _______________________________________________________________
\par }{\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14688761 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs18\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 {\tc {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 35. G.O.P. Clings to One Thing It Agrees On: Spending Cuts}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 35 of 90
\par 
\par G.O.P. Clings to One Thing It Agrees On: Spending Cuts
\par Author: Stevenson, Richard W
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 04 Mar 2013: A.1.
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\par Abstract: Republican lawmakers are so fearful of social issues, in fact, that House leaders ignored intense objections from conservatives last week and allowed the passage of Democratic legislation on domestic and sexual violence against women. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www
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\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- Conservative governors are signing on to provisions of what they on
ce derisively dismissed as Obamacare. Prominent Senate Republicans are taking positions on immigration that would have gotten the party's presidential candidates hooted off the debate stage during last year's primaries. Same-sex marriage has gone from bei
n
g a reliable motivator for the conservative base to gaining broad acceptance. Republican lawmakers are so fearful of social issues, in fact, that House leaders ignored intense objections from conservatives last week and allowed the passage of Democratic l
e
gislation on domestic and sexual violence against women. All of which helps explain why Speaker John A. Boehner and Congressional Republicans have been so intent on facing down President Obama in their budget dispute. Aware that conservatives could never 
a
ccept a second round of tax increases this year -- and that compromising with Mr. Obama on his terms would lead to party divisions far deeper than those that have emerged so far -- Republicans judged that the better course was to take on the economic and 
p
olitical risks associated with the automatic spending cuts that took effect on Friday. "I'm going to say it one more time," Mr. Boehner said Sunday on "Meet the Press" on NBC. "The president got his tax hikes on January the First. The issue here is spendi
n
g. Spending is out of control." Four months after Mr. Obama won a second term, the only issue that truly unites Republicans is a commitment to shrinking the federal government through spending cuts, low taxes and less regulation. To have compromised again
 
and agreed to further increase taxes or roll back spending cuts would have left Republicans deeply split and, many of them say, at risk of losing the core of the party's identity. "If the voters can't rely on us to stand up to the runaway train of entitle
ments and deficits and federal debt, what can they count on us for?" said David Kochel, a Republican consultant in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Iowa{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. "We're going to have disagreements on other issues. This is one we have to agree on." One of the most striking characteristics about the
 political climate in the months since Mr. Obama's re-election is that on issue after issue, it is no longer entirely clear what it means to be a Republican. The party is more divided than ever on domestic policy, and a debate is breaking out over how bes
t
 to invigorate the conservative movement. In that sense, the budget showdown is not just about cutting $85 billion out of government spending over the next seven months. It is, to many conservatives, about showing that Republicans still have the will, the
 
leadership and the public support to use this moment to halt, or at least slow, an ideological pendulum swing from the right, where the nation seemed to be heading after the 2010 midterm elections, to the left, after the 2012 campaign. "The sequester and 
w
inning that fight -- however you define what winning means -- is critical for the party," said Ralph Reed, the social conservative leader. There are risks for Republicans in taking a hard line on the spending cuts, especially if the unemployment rate jump
s
 and the economy slows. Democrats are highlighting estimates by the Congressional Budget Office that the fiscal cutbacks could leave the economy with 750,000 fewer jobs this year. And they are warning that while the effects will play out slowly, the cuts 
w
ill eventually hit voters in noticeable ways. "I don't see how 'I'm fine with the sequester' differs from 'I'm fine with slower growth and continued high unemployment, or longer delays at airports, fewer Head Start slots, furloughs among civilian D.O.D. f
o
lks' and so on," said Jared Bernstein, a former economic adviser to Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr., referring to the Department of Defense. Mr. Bernstein, a senior fellow at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, a liberal research group, said th
a
t as the cuts became real, they would "deeply discredit" those who foster the idea that government spending is inherently wasteful and that there is no tangible cost to reducing it. But to the degree that Mr. Boehner has prevailed in the first round of th
e
 current fight -- the struggles over the across-the-board cuts and longer-term questions about addressing the national debt will go on for months and years -- it could not have come at a better time for the morale of Republicans. In the view of some conse
r
vative commentators, the Republican Party and the conservative movement are at one of their lowest points in years -- "leaderless and nearly issueless," as Rich Lowry, the editor of National Review, wrote last week in an opinion article for Politico that 
s
et off debate in the party. With the party divided on so many other fronts, feelings are running especially high when it comes to holding the line on taxes. Conservatives are excoriating Gov. Bob McDonnell of Virginia, a Republican, for championing a tax 
i
ncrease to pay for transportation projects. Chris Chocola, the president of the Club for Growth, a group that is critical of Republicans it considers to be insufficiently conservative on fiscal policy, said: "Republicans have not had a hard time convincin
g
 the base they are conservative enough on social issues. They have had a hard time convincing the base they are sincere on economic issues because they have grown the government." The internal divisions after the party's fourth loss in the last six presid
e
ntial elections and the recognition that inexorable demographic shifts are working against a reliance on its traditional base have set off the most fundamental debate since the Reagan years about the future of conservatism. Liberals dismiss the exercise a
s
 a sham intended to distract attention from enduring ties between wealthy interests and conservative policy and politicians. That is a point implicitly recognized by many Republicans, who are looking for ways to defend the party's small-government philoso
p
hy without being portrayed by Democrats as imprudently abstemious and against middle-class interests. They are starting to talk about focusing less on reductions in marginal income tax rates -- long the primary goal of Reagan-era supply-siders -- and more
 
on tax changes, like increasing the child credit or reducing payroll taxes, that would more directly address the stagnation in middle-class incomes and growing inequality. Portraying deficit reduction as an end unto itself, Mr. Reed said, would miss an op
p
ortunity for Republicans to connect with voters who are concerned about their families and neighborhoods. "There's a danger if the Republican Party is only seen as the party that cuts government spending, because that is a necessary but insufficient ratio
n
ale for a majority party," he said. In an article in Commentary titled "How to Save the Republican Party," two veterans of President George W. Bush's White House, Michael Gerson and Peter Wehner, said the party could rebuild itself with a social mobility 
a
genda that extends beyond low taxes, cutting back tax breaks for corporations, breaking up big banks, helping poor people reach and graduate from college, and improving health care for children. "Rather than being exclusively focused on budget numbers or 
i
ndividual economic rights, Republicans would be demonstrating a limited but active role for government: helping individuals attain the skills and values -- the social capital -- that allow them to succeed in a free economy," they wrote. For now, the debat
e
 about the future of the party remains detached from legislative politics. Mr. Boehner has more than enough trouble navigating the demands of various stripes of conservatives on a daily basis without introducing a more activist strain of policy into the R
e
publican agenda. In talking about taxes, he continues to emphasize reducing income tax rates. But with the automatic budget cuts likely to remain in force for some time, if not permanently, attention in Washington will shift to long-term budget plans to b
e
 introduced in the coming weeks by Representative Paul D. Ryan of Wisconsin, the Republican vice-presidential nominee last year, and Senate Democrats and Mr. Obama. It is those documents that provide both sides with their best opportunity to define for vo
t
ers what they will stand for over the remainder of Mr. Obama's presidency and beyond. Photograph President Obama On Friday, When $85 Billion in Automatic Spending Cuts Began to Take Effect. (Photograph by Jewel Samad/Agence France-Presse -- Getty Images);
 Speaker John A. Boehner On Thursday. "Spending Is Out of Control," He Said On Nbc On Sunday. (Photograph by Alex Wong/Getty Images) (A12) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 36. Seeking Compromise, President Reaches Out To the Rank and File}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 36 of 90
\par 
\par Seeking Compromise, President Reaches Out To the Rank and File
\par Author: Weisman, Jonathan
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 04 Mar 2013: A.12.
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\par Abstract: In conversations last week with Senators Lindsey Graham of South Carolina and John McCain of Arizona, both Republicans, and in a wider 
outreach to rank-and-file members of Congress that a top White House official said began this weekend, Mr. Obama hopes to build a broad consensus on deficit reduction that includes new revenue, despite the uncompromising stance of Republican leaders in th
e House and the Senate. 
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\par Full text: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- With few av
enues left for winning a comprehensive budget deal that can reverse the across-the-board spending cuts that took effect over the weekend, President Obama has begun reaching out to senators in a bid to isolate Republican leaders in Congress and force a com
p
romise. In conversations last week with Senators Lindsey Graham of South Carolina and John McCain of Arizona, both Republicans, and in a wider outreach to rank-and-file members of Congress that a top White House official said began this weekend, Mr. Obama
 
hopes to build a broad consensus on deficit reduction that includes new revenue, despite the uncompromising stance of Republican leaders in the House and the Senate. "Our hope is that as more Republicans start to see this pain in their own districts, that
 
they will choose bipartisan compromise over this absolutist position," Gene Sperling, the director of the president's National Economic Council, said Sunday on the NBC program "Meet the Press." Appearing immediately before him on the program, Speaker John
 
A. Boehner reinforced his opposition to any deal to reverse the cuts in military and domestic programs -- $85 billion this year and nearly $1 trillion over 10 years -- that includes raising new revenue. But he did leave open a narrow path to a comprehensi
v
e budget agreement that could restore at least some of the money at some point. Mr. Boehner said Mr. Obama had already raised nearly $1 trillion to finance his health care program and, in January, won $650 billion from tax increases on high incomes. But M
r
. Boehner offered some hope that the budget process -- which begins this week with the expected passage by the House of a spending measure, known as a continuing resolution, to keep the government operating for the rest of the year -- could still end in a
 
broad agreement that lowers the deficit, overhauls the tax code and undoes at least some of the automatic spending cuts. "I don't think anyone quite understands how it gets resolved," he acknowledged. "After we do our continuing resolution, we'll begin to
 
work on our budget. The House has done a budget every year that I've been speaker. The Senate hasn't done a budget for four years. They've committed to do a budget this year. "And I hope that they do. And out of that discussion and out of that process, ma
y
be we can find a way to deal with our long-term spending problem." It was not clear whom Mr. Obama had called as part of his new Senate strategy, disclosed on Sunday by Mr. Sperling. Mr. Graham did emerge from wide-ranging White House talks with the presi
d
ent last week with a renewed call for deficit reduction that includes as much as $600 billion in new revenue -- and revisits the across-the-board cuts known as sequestration. "Really, it's the chance to do something big," Mr. Graham said in an interview. 
"
We need multiple trillion-dollar savings, without destroying the Defense Department. We need to do it smartly over a 20- or 30-year period, rather than one year or 10 years. So if you bend the curve on entitlements, I'm willing to do revenues. Then we can
 
take a second look at sequestration." An aide to Senator Susan Collins, Republican of Maine, said that Mr. Obama tried to reach Ms. Collins this weekend but that they had not yet connected. But aides to several senators who have participated in groups or 
c
ommittees looking for a bipartisan deal said their offices had not received any such calls from the president. The path to a less arbitrary approach to deficit reduction is narrow and uphill, lawmakers of both parties say. House Republican leaders are ada
m
ant that they want no changes to the tax code, including closing loopholes that both sides agree are wasteful. Instead, they say that any closing of loopholes or changes to the tax code should be part of a comprehensive effort to simplify the code and low
e
r tax rates while keeping the level of revenue received by the government the same. "Republicans want tax reform. We want to bring rates down for all Americans so that we've got a fairer tax code," Mr. Boehner said. "But to arbitrarily pull out a couple o
f tax expenditures and to say, 'Well, we ought to use that to get rid of the sequester' -- listen, every American knows {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 has a spending problem." The Senate's top two Republican leaders, Mitch McConnell of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Kentucky{\*\xmlclose} and John Cornyn of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Texas
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, are in
creasingly taking that same position. Both fear a primary challenge from their right flank as they move toward re-election campaigns next year. Mr. McConnell, the minority leader, appearing on the CNN program "State of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}Union{\*\xmlclose}," gave no indication that h
e was willing to undo the automatic cuts with new revenue, only with cuts in other parts of the budget. "We think it's important to the American people to keep this commitment," he said. "We're willing to do it. We're willing to talk about reconfiguring t
h
e same spending over the next several months." The White House was left to hope that rank-and-file senators can build momentum for a bipartisan deal that isolates Republican leaders and exerts pressure that cannot be resisted. "I have talked to a number o
f
 colleagues on both sides of the aisle, many of whom are disgusted with the current state of affairs," Ms. Collins said in an interview on Friday. Ms. Collins has already begun work with Senator Mark Udall, Democrat of Colorado, on legislation to mitigate
 
the impact of the across-the-board cuts by giving the Obama administration more latitude to spread them around. She said those efforts could put lawmakers on a path toward a consensus on reversing the cuts as their effect builds through the fiscal year, w
h
ich ends on Sept. 30. But, Ms. Collins said, Mr. Obama has to speak frankly to the public about the tough changes she says are needed over the long term to Social Security and Medicare as the population ages and costs continue to rise. It is not enough to
 
keep repeating, as Mr. Sperling did on Sunday, that Mr. Obama is prepared to compromise, she said. "The president has to go first with plans for Medicare and Social Security," Ms. Collins said. "Then I think you will see more receptivity on the Republican
 
side to an overhaul of the tax code" that raises more revenue. Senator Kelly Ayotte, Republican of New Hampshire, said Sunday on the ABC program "This Week" that she, too, would be open to more revenue in a broad, bipartisan agreement that deals with enti
t
lement programs. "If we're going to increase revenue again, it's got to go to the debt with real entitlement reform and real tax reform where you actually lower rates," Ms. Ayotte said. Mr. Sperling said Sunday that Mr. Boehner had already offered $1 tril
l
ion in additional revenue over 10 years in back-room talks with the president in December. About $600 billion in tax increases took effect in January. "If he was keeping his offer on the table," Mr. Sperling said, "he would at least be willing to consider
 $400 billion in more revenues." 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 37. As Automatic Budget Cuts Go Into Effect, Poor May Be Hit Particularly Hard}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 37 of 90
\par 
\par As Automatic Budget Cuts Go Into Effect, Poor May Be Hit Particularly Hard
\par Author: Lowrey, Annie
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 04 Mar 2013: A.13.
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\par Abstract: [...]the sequestration cuts, as they are called, still contain billions of dollars in mandatory budget reductions in programs that help low-income Americans, including one that gives vouchers for housing to the poor and d
isabled and another that provides fortified baby formula to the children of poor women. "Sequestration will result in some 600 fewer families in our local communities receiving crucial rental assistance over the next year," Stephen Norman, the executive d
irector of the county housing authority, said in a statement. "Because rents are so high, many of these families may, quite literally, find themselves out on the street." 
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3-03-04&volume=&issue=&spage=A.13&au=Lowrey,%20Annie&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3958249\charrsid14688761 {\*\datafield 
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\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- The $85 billion in automatic cuts working their way through the federal budget spare many programs that ai
d the poorest and most vulnerable Americans, including the Children's Health Insurance Program and food stamps. But the sequestration cuts, as they are called, still contain billions of dollars in mandatory budget reductions in programs that help low-inco
m
e Americans, including one that gives vouchers for housing to the poor and disabled and another that provides fortified baby formula to the children of poor women. Republican and Democratic lawmakers largely resigned themselves to allowing sequestration -
-
 a policy meant to force them to the negotiating table, not to actually reduce the deficit -- to take wider effect after it started on Friday. That leaves agencies just seven months to carry out their cuts before the fiscal year ends on Sept. 30. In many 
c
ases, they will eventually have to deny aid to eligible needy families. Unless a deal is reached to change the course of the cuts, housing programs would be hit particularly hard, with about 125,000 individuals and families put at risk of becoming homeles
s
, the Department of Housing and Urban Development estimated. An additional 100,000 formerly homeless people might be removed from emergency shelters or other housing arrangements because of the cuts, the agency said. Local administrators are trying to dec
i
de how to put the mandatory 5.1 percent budget cuts into effect by the end of September. Adrianne Todman, the executive director of the District of Columbia Housing Authority, said that no person in her program currently using a housing voucher or living 
i
n a public facility would be affected or put out on the street. But to absorb the cuts, Ms. Todman plans to defer maintenance and leave staff vacancies open. She may also not be able to fill open public housing units as tenants vacate them. And she may st
o
p rolling over housing vouchers to families on the waiting list. Eventually, she said, she may have to furlough employees. "It's a shame. It's more than a shame, it's despicable," Ms. Todman said, noting that her agency already lacked enough capacity to m
eet the district's needs. "These are real families that we have deemed eligible and are waiting to receive their voucher from us." In {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 and across the country, families and individuals generally need to have very low incomes to be eligible for federal assistance. Public housing residents in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} have an average annual income of just $12,911. More than 40 percent are either children or the elderly, and more than a quarter live with a disability. In the voucher program, the annual income is even
 lower, just over $10,000 a year, and similarly large proportions of residents are elderly, disabled or young. "These people are very, very, very poor," said Sheila Crowley, the president of the National Low Income Housing Coalition, speaking of recipient
s of federal housing support across the country. "They don't have resources to fall back on." In some places, officials have already started carrying out cuts. For instance, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}King{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}County{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Washington{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}State{\*\xmlclose}, which includes {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Seattle{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, stopped issuing new housin
g vouchers on Friday. "Sequestration will result in some 600 fewer families in our local communities receiving crucial rental assistance over the next year," Stephen Norman, the executive director of the county housing authority, said in a statement. "Bec
a
use rents are so high, many of these families may, quite literally, find themselves out on the street." Members of Congress have indicated that they might give agencies more discretion in fulfilling the cuts, to help blunt their impact. But policy experts
 
said that in the case of many low-income programs, budget cuts would necessarily mean fewer people get help. "There's no loose change in the cushions," Ms. Crowley said. "Anything you take out of HUD is going to reduce services and cut programs. There's j
u
st no fat there. There hasn't been for a long time." Other programs that assist low-income families face similarly significant cuts, including one that delivers hot meals to the elderly and another that helps pregnant women. Policy experts are particularl
y
 concerned about cuts to the supplemental nutrition program for women, infants and children known as WIC, which provides food and baby formula for at-risk families. It is considered one of the most effective social programs in government, reducing anemia 
a
nd increasing birth weights. But up to 775,000 low-income women and their children might lose access to or be denied that aid because of the mandatory cuts, according to calculations by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, a nonprofit research grou
p
. The start of sequestration, a policy never meant to take effect, has left both sides seeking cover, with many Democrats dramatizing the impact of the cuts and many Republicans playing them down. Some Republicans, in fact, have said that whatever the eff
ect, the cuts are a necessary part of reversing the trend of the government spending more and taking on more debt. "President Obama proclaimed that the sequester's 'brutal' and 'severe' cuts will 'eviscerate' {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}'s domestic spending," Senator Rand Paul,
 Republican of Kentucky, wrote in a recent article published by Investors.com. "But 'eviscerate' is not the adjective I would use; in fact, I believe the sequester is a pittance." The $85 billion in cuts is just a small part of the $3.6 trillion annual bu
d
get, but policy experts say that even those cuts that are being applied to programs that do not specifically focus on low-income people and communities will disproportionately affect them. Other cuts might not hit low-income Americans specifically, but th
e
ir impact could affect vulnerable families disproportionately. Those include cuts to programs that aid children with special needs; job-training programs that help unemployed people find a new career; foreclosure prevention services; and programs that hel
p
 150,000 veterans every year make the transition into the nonmilitary work force. They also include a reduction in jobless benefits for the long-term unemployed. Those out of work for more than six months could see their checks shrink by as much as 11 per
c
ent. The Budget Control Act, a 2011 law that created the automatic cuts, exempted "mandatory" spending programs that aid low-income Americans, like Medicaid, which receive automatic federal financing. But it did not exempt "discretionary" programs, whose 
f
inancing Congress determines in its annual appropriations process. Photograph The $85 Billion in Mandatory Across-the-Board Federal Budget Cuts, Which Started On Friday, Were Expected to Disproportionately Affect Low-Income Americans Like Those Living in 
the Langston Terrace Dwellings, Left, a Public Housing Project in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Northeast Washington{\*\xmlclose}. (Photograph by Daniel Rosenbaum for the New York Times) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 38. Virginia's Feast On U.S. Funds Nears an End}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 38 of 90
\par 
\par {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}'s Feast On {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}U.S.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Funds Nears an End
\par Author: Trip Gabriel
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 03 Mar 2013: A.1.
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\par Abstract: The Washington metropolitan area, especially Northern Virginia, is in line to experience the largest economic hit of any region from the $85 billion in spending cuts that Pre
sident Obama made official late Friday. Because the automatic cuts, known as sequestration, fall unevenly across the country, many Americans are greeting them with a shrug. [...]Congressional Republicans have accused the White House of exaggerating the im
pact for political gain. 
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\par Full text: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}ARLINGTON{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Va.{\*\xmlclose} -- To listen to the human side of sequestration, wait in line here for the 595 bus to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Reston{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Va.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, a journey across a suburbia grown fat and happy on a federal spending boom in the past decade, primarily military. While the rest of the country experienced a corrosive recession, unemployment in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Arlington{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}County{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, home of the Pentagon, never rose above 5 percent. Nearby {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Fairfax{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}County{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, with a cyberintelligence industry that took off after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, gorged on government contracts to private companies. "It was easy, and people got comfortable," said Stephen S. Fuller of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}George{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Mason{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}University{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, an expert on the regional economy. "They haven't come to terms with the fact it isn't going to be as easy." The Washington metropolitan area, especially Northern Virginia, is in line to e
xperience the largest economic hit of any region from the $85 billion in spending cuts that President Obama made official late Friday. Because the automatic cuts, known as sequestration, fall unevenly across the country, many Americans are greeting them w
i
th a shrug. Their nonchalance is heightened because the 2.4 percent lopped from a federal budget of $3.55 trillion is relatively small and will not happen all at once. Moreover, Congressional Republicans have accused the White House of exaggerating the im
pact for political gain. But in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Northern Virginia{\*\xmlclose}
 the cuts will be deeply felt, economists said, assuming there is no political deal to undo them, a dimming prospect. The White House said the Defense Department would furlough 90,000 civilian employees based in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, the most of any state, reducing their salaries by 20 percent this year. The ripple effect, as those employees pare expenses, put off car purchases and delay buying a home, is expected to be large. Some economists predict that 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} will sl
ip into recession. "No more movies, no more out-to-dinners, no more fun," Robin Roberts, a civilian budget employee in the Defense Department, said as she waited for the 595 outside the Pentagon for the ride home. She and her husband, who is retired, have
 canceled their summer vacation. They switched to a cheaper phone plan. "It's just pay the mortgage, pay the utilities, no more frills." Americans far from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} who say government spending is reckless and unsustainable may not shed a tear for its subu
rban counties, 6 of which are among the 10 richest in the country, according to the census. But that prosperity has largely rained down on government contractors; federal employees, especially younger ones, depend on their middle-class wages. "Most of my 
p
aycheck goes toward child care," said Sarah Stein, another rider of the 595. "We've cut out what we can cut, and we're going to be in trouble." Ms. Stein's husband lost a job two years ago and now works for much less repairing automobile wheels. Ms. Stein
 
said she earned $64,000 in a civilian Pentagon job and pays $24,000 in child care for her two daughters, ages 3 years and 10 months. The Pentagon has told civilian employees to plan on taking 22 days off without pay. Ms. Stein said she would not be able t
o save on child care even on the days she is home. "We still have to pay for five days a week, whether we go or not," she said. "People are just very worried." The Center for Regional Analysis estimates that federal spending drives 37 percent of the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Northern Virginia{\*\xmlclose}
 economy, largely spending on contractors that soared in the past decade. "It was mostly on the war on terrorism," said Dr. Fuller, the director of the center. "It was a spending bubble that made this economy grow two percentage points faster tha
n the national economy." But as the federal government began cutting back two years ago -- with foreign wars winding down and Congressional Republicans fighting spending -- a regional slowdown that followed may be a taste of the future. 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose} employment rose in December by only 0.8 percent, half the growth in the nation as a whole, said Christine Chmura, an economist in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Richmond{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. "If the sequester occurs as it's currently stated, I would expect the state of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} to go into a recession," she said. The
 Pentagon's share of the cuts is the largest of any. Robert F. Hale, an under secretary of defense, said on Feb. 20 that the Pentagon would cut $4 billion to $5 billion through civilian furloughs and $40 billion in purchases from the private sector. Some 
business owners and people facing furloughs said the cutbacks were manageable, even a good thing. Moe Jafari, whose company Human Touch in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}McLean{\*\xmlclose}
 does technology work for the military, said he saw a new cost-consciousness in the government that pleased him. "They're looking at budgets that are not unlimited," said Mr. Jafari, whose contracting includes work for the Space and 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Naval{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Warfare{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Systems{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}
 in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Charleston{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}S.C.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 "We see the government for the first time having discussions with us in ways we never 
thought. They're looking at saving money. They're starting to act like businesses." Even some government employees facing furloughs spoke of the 20 percent dock in salary as a sacrifice to a greater good. "The rest of the country is suffering and needs he
l
p; this is the least we can do," said Mort Anvari, a civilian employee of the Army. He and others who said they could manage their lower earnings were older, with savings and without children to support. Mary Ann Fontana, who works for the secretary of th
e
 Air Force, said, "We older ones feel -- at least I do -- to help the country, it's fine." But "the real worry are the young ones," she added, lower on the government pay scale and living paycheck to paycheck. Matthew Bourke, a public affairs specialist w
i
th the Army, fits that description. He is looking for a part-time job to make up the loss to his salary. "I'm talking the restaurant business, a server, a food runner, anything," he said. "If you know something, let me know," he said before jumping on his
 bus. Chart Sequester's Impact: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's Economy Will Be Among the Hardest Hit by the Federal Government's $85 Billion in Spending Cuts to Military and Domestic Programs. Nearly 90,000 of the State's Civilian Defense Department Workers Face Furloughs, and
 Private Contractors May Lose Their Jobs Through Cutbacks in Procurement Programs. (Sources: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Defense{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Manpower{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
PlaceName}}Data{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}; Bureau of Labor Statistics; {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Pew{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} On the States) (A26) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 39. Washington Fails To Reach A Deal To Head Off Cuts}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 39 of 90
\par 
\par {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Fails To Reach A Deal To Head Off Cuts
\par Author: Shear, Michael D; Weisman, Jonathan
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 02 Mar 2013: A.1.
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\par Abstract: Republicans told the president during Friday's meeting that they would not accept any new tax incre
ases as an alternative to the across-the-board cuts, known as the sequester, and Mr. Obama said he did not intend to force the issue. [...]Congress takes the sequester away, we'd have to abide by those additional cuts," Mr. Obama conceded. 
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\par Full text: WASHINGTON -- President Obama and Congressional leaders f
ailed on Friday to stop deep, automatic cuts in federal spending that will immediately shrink the size and ambition of government, even as they vowed an end to the rolling fiscal battles that have repeatedly threatened government shutdowns and economic cr
i
sis over two years. Emerging from an Oval Office meeting with the lawmakers, the president called the cuts "just dumb." He said they would slow the economic recovery and spoke emotionally about their impact on people who would feel the consequences of gov
e
rnment layoffs and disruptions in public services. "I don't anticipate a huge financial crisis, but people are going to be hurt," Mr. Obama said during a 35-minute news conference at the White House, in which he acknowledged that his campaign of highlight
i
ng fallout from the cuts had failed to persuade Republicans to consider tax increases as part of a package to avert the $85 billion in reductions over the next seven months. But both the president and his Republican adversaries said they would not carry t
he fight over the cuts into a coming legislative effort to finance the government through Sept. 30, essentially declaring a cease-fire in the budget wars that have dominated {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} since 2011. The showdown in December over the so-called fiscal cliff yie
lded $620 billion in tax increases over 10 years. The across-the-board spending cuts now going into force will cut deficits an additional $1.2 trillion. Both sides indicated that for now, that may be enough -- a fiscal peace through political exhaustion. 
A
fter locking in nearly $3.6 trillion in spending cuts and tax increases since 2011, the receding budget wars have left their mark on the nation's balance sheet, said Alice Rivlin, a former White House budget director and former vice chairwoman of the Fede
r
al Reserve. But, she said, those successive budget deals have done nothing to address the nation's long-term financial troubles as the population ages. They have, however, hurt the economy. "It does not get us on a track to stabilizing the debt, mostly be
c
ause it's the wrong kind of cut," Ms. Rivlin said. "No, it makes things worse." The two parties will now move to a broader argument over the right level of taxes and spending as they seek to develop a new budget for the coming year and beyond. Republicans
 said they welcomed a return to a more orderly budget process but warned they would not give in on their basic principles. "I will not be part of any back-room deal, and I will absolutely not agree to increase taxes," said Senator Mitch McConnell of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Kentucky{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, the Republican leader. After a public relations blitz lasting weeks that was aimed at stopping the cuts, Mr. Obama said he is prepared to extend a stopgap law that finances the government to March 27 if Republicans stick to an agreement worked out in 20
11 about the level of federal spending. The decision will most likely allow the across-the-board spending reductions to remain in place for months if not years. White House officials and Senate Democrats had considered making one last stand around the Mar
c
h 27 deadline, declaring the Senate would not pass another government spending plan unless it undid the across-the-board cuts. But Senate Democrats were leery. The first furloughs are likely to hit in April, and the Democrats feared that little political 
p
ressure would have built on Republicans before the current stopgap spending law expired. "The president has made it clear he does not want to shut down the government," Senator Patty Murray of Washington, the Senate Budget Committee chairwoman, said Frida
y
. "None of us do. That is another disruption that we just can't afford right now." After the White House session, the House speaker, John A. Boehner, Republican of Ohio, said that he wanted to avoid a shutdown and that the House would begin advancing a fi
n
ancing measure next week. "I'm hopeful that we won't have to deal with the threat of a government shutdown while we're dealing with the sequester at the same time," he told reporters. Republicans told the president during Friday's meeting that they would 
n
ot accept any new tax increases as an alternative to the across-the-board cuts, known as the sequester, and Mr. Obama said he did not intend to force the issue. "Until Congress takes the sequester away, we'd have to abide by those additional cuts," Mr. Ob
a
ma conceded. "But there's no reason why we should have another crisis by shutting the government down in addition to these arbitrary spending cuts." At the Pentagon, the new defense secretary, Chuck Hagel, took a conciliatory tone, stepping away from mont
hs of dire predictions of disruption issued by the Defense Department. "Today {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 has the best fighting force in the world, capable of responding to any challenge," Mr. Hagel said. "This unnecessary budget crisis makes that job much harder. But we will continue to ensure {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's security." For Republicans, who lost a battle with the president over raising taxes at the end of last year, the agreement probably enshrines the lower levels of government spending for the remainder of the fiscal year, which e
nds Sept. 30. And it gives Mr. Boehner a victory to crow about with his increasingly conservative members. But the president will probably benefit from the cold peace, too. He said he was ready to move beyond the repeated fiscal debates in the past severa
l
 years to the broader agenda he spelled out in the State of the Union address, including gun control measures, universal preschool, a higher minimum wage, an immigration overhaul and changes to the nation's system of voting. "We can't let political gridlo
c
k around the budget stand in the way of other areas where we can make progress," Mr. Obama said. In that sense, the White House meeting on Friday signaled a new political order after the deep divisions brought on by the Tea Party wave of 2010. The meeting
 
was subdued, according to aides, with none of the tension of last November and December, when the president was locked away with Mr. Boehner, trying to head off huge automatic tax increases. Much of the session was devoted to the prosaic issue of keeping 
t
he government financed. All that appears left to do in the short run may be a modest measure to give the Obama administration more discretion over how to mete out the cuts. That effort is already under way, led by Senators Mark Udall, Democrat of Colorado
,
 and Susan Collins, Republican of Maine. A "regular order" process to finance the government through 2014 will start quickly. The House Appropriations Committee will unveil legislation on Monday to cover spending through Sept. 30 at post-sequestration lev
e
ls, with detailed spending instructions for the military to loosen some of the current spending strictures. That measure is expected to pass the House by Thursday, and lawmakers from both parties indicated they expected a quick resolution with the Senate.
 By mid-March, Senator Murray and her House Budget Committee counterpart, Representative Paul Ryan of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Wisconsin{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, will produce broad blueprints for spending and tax policy over 10 years, the next vehicles for bipartisanship on the deficit -- if those budget 
plans can be reconciled. That is doubtful. Mr. Ryan has said his plan will try to balance the budget within 10 years, without raising taxes and without any abrupt hits to Social Security and Medicare. His plan will lock in the savings from the across-the-
b
oard cuts but will shift the targets away from defense. In contrast, Ms. Murray said, the Senate plan will undo the cuts beyond this fiscal year with a mix of tax increases and other spending reductions. Photograph President Obama On Friday Called Automat
i
c Cuts "Just Dumb." Speaker John A. Boehner Said He Wanted to Avoid a Shutdown. (Photographs by Stephen Crowley/the New York Times) (A1); Nancy Pelosi, the House Minority Leader, Spoke to Reporters On Friday After President Obama and Congressional Leaders
 Met. (Photograph by Christopher Gregory/the New York Times) (A10) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 40. Deep Philosophical Divide Underlies the Impasse}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 40 of 90
\par 
\par Deep Philosophical Divide Underlies the Impasse
\par Author: Harwood, John
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 02 Mar 2013: A.10.
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\par Abstract: While the Great Recession depressed tax revenues, the Wall Street bailout and stimulus bill gave Americans sticker shock; deficits topped $1 trillion annually. Resisting tax increases is a matter of such deep conviction that some senior Repu
blicans believe House colleagues would fire John A. Boehner as House speaker for conceding to Mr. Obama again. 
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:nationalnewscore&atitle=Deep%20Philosophical%20Divide%20Underlies%20the%20Impasse:%20%5BNational%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-03-02&volume=&issue=&spage=A.10&au=Harwood,%20John&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=
info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3958249\charrsid14688761 {\*\datafield 
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\cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 -- Let's play truth or consequences with the budget sequestration that took effect on Friday. That can be difficult through the fog of political war that has hung over this town. But a step back illuminates roots deeper than the prevailing notion that 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 politicians are simply fools acting for electoral advantage or partisan spite. Republicans don't seek to grind government to a halt. But they do aim to shrink its size by an amount currently beyond their institutional power in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, or popular support in the country, to achieve. Democrats don't seek to cripple the nation with debt. But they do aim to preserve existing government programs without the ability, so far, to set levels of taxation commen
surate with their cost. At bottom, it is the oldest philosophic battle of the American party system -- pitting Democrats' desire to use government to cushion market outcomes and equalize opportunity against Republicans' desire to limit government and maxi
m
ize individual liberty. And they are fighting it within a 21st-century political infrastructure that impedes compromise. Those government initiatives include Social Security from F.D.R.'s New Deal, Medicare and Medicaid from L.B.J.'s Great Society, and th
e
 2010 national health care law. President Obama wants to keep them in roughly their current forms -- even as the wave of baby boom retirements makes them costlier than ever. His Republican opponents are the philosophic heirs of conservatives who opposed t
h
eir creation in the first place. Beginning in 2009, they gained fresh momentum in the quest to roll them back. While the Great Recession depressed tax revenues, the Wall Street bailout and stimulus bill gave Americans sticker shock; deficits topped $1 tri
l
lion annually. So in 2011, the newly elected Republican House began pushing President Obama backward in budget fights that forced significant slowing of federal spending and some significant spending cuts. Their climactic showdown over the debt limit in 2
0
11 damaged the nation's credit rating. With both sides battered and exhausted, Republicans joined Democrats in seizing the so-called sequester as the means to end the impasse. Then Mr. Obama stopped backing up -- and moved to generate momentum of his own.
 
The right's soft spot, as Ronald Reagan and Newt Gingrich learned amid the conservative ascendancy of the 1980s and early '90s, is the popularity of expensive "entitlements" serving the elderly. "Cut spending," as a general invocation, is popular. "Cut sp
e
nding for your mother's Medicare" is not. Mr. Obama used his re-election campaign to isolate and attack that vulnerability. Acknowledging the need for some entitlement cuts, he offered voters this budgetary choice: his smaller cuts combined with tax incre
a
ses on affluent Americans, or the Republicans' bigger ones without tax increases. More Americans, as polls have repeatedly shown, prefer Mr. Obama's approach. He won the election. Now the president is trying to wield his public opinion advantage as a club
 to back Republicans down. The budget cuts of 2011, like sequestration now, targeted smaller "discretionary" programs that don't command the support Medicare and Social Security do. Mr. Obama argues, and some Republicans agree, that 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} has cut most 
of what it can from those. He continues to advocate comparatively modest Medicare cuts focused on reimbursements to doctors and hospitals -- more near-term cuts, in fact, than Republicans have been willing to specify. But at one high-profile event after a
nother, in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 and across the country, he accuses Republicans of preferring reduced benefits for old and vulnerable Americans over higher taxes on the affluent. Opponents blast him for "campaigning" instead of governing. Yet those events have become 
his method of seeking outcomes that negotiations with Republican leaders haven't produced. It worked soon after the election when he forced Republicans to accept some tax increases in the "fiscal cliff" deal. It worked again when Republicans declined to f
i
ght anew over the debt limit until May, at the earliest. That doesn't mean it will work again by making Republicans accept a second tax increase. Over the last generation, polarization has melted away the alloy that once narrowed differences between Repub
l
icans and Democrats, leaving both as masses of near-pure ideological ore. The Republican rank-and-file is purer -- more conservative than the Democratic rank-and-file is liberal. Resisting tax increases is a matter of such deep conviction that some senior
 
Republicans believe House colleagues would fire John A. Boehner as House speaker for conceding to Mr. Obama again. For less ideological Republicans, the partisan composition of their districts and states can make following national opinion riskier (agains
t
 a more conservative primary challenger) than defying it (against a Democratic general-election foe). The difficulty of winning a second tax increase may ultimately make the president regret the fiscal-cliff deal, which brought only half the new revenue h
e
 considers necessary. For now, he seeks to grind down his opposition as the impact of sequestration mounts for air travelers, education programs and the Pentagon. Against Republicans' solid edge on the issue of spending restraint (in this week's NBC News-
W
all Street Journal poll), he wields wide Democratic advantages on helping the middle class and protecting Medicare, and a narrow one on handling taxes. The survey showed 50 percent of Americans approve of Mr. Obama's job performance. Only 29 percent expre
s
sed a positive view of the Republican Party. Among demographic groups, the only one viewing Mr. Boehner's party more positively than negatively was white Southerners (by just 39 percent to 35 percent at that). More than twice as many Americans credited Mr
.
 Obama, as compared with Republicans, with emphasizing themes of bipartisan unity. Even if numbers like those don't threaten the House Republican majority in 2014, they alarm party strategists who've watched their nominees lose the popular vote in five of
 the past six presidential elections. Mr. Obama's hope: the fact that Congressional Republicans are insulated from national opinion doesn't make them impervious to it. Photograph A Leaden Sky Hung Over {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} On Friday. The Political Climate Is Viewed As One That Limits the Possibility of Compromise. (Photograph by Doug Mills/the New York Times) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid10769828\charrsid14688761 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 41. Singing the Sequester Soap Opera}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 41 of 90
\par 
\par Singing the Sequester Soap Opera
\par Author: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Scarborough{\*\xmlclose}, Joe
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 02 Mar 2013: A.19.
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\par Abstract: Leon E. Panetta, the former defense secretary, spoke of a "doomsday mechanism," while his deputies talked of "fiscal castration" and "assisted suicide." Since today's Republican Party knows a thing or two about assisted suicides, you woul
d think its leadership would have taken to heart Mr. Obama's warnings and struck a deal before their abysmal approval ratings sank even lower. 
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\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: THERE are cracks in time when history bends and for an instant it seems as if the world itself stops turning, from that Sunday afternoon when our parents learned Pearl Harbor had been bombed to the football drill
 I was in the middle of coaching in Pensacola, Fla., when I first got the news that the Challenger had exploded. We may not agree on many things in this era of reflexive polarization, but here is one: nobody will remember where they were and what they wer
e doing when the Great Sequester of 2013 kicked in. Despite the rhetoric from the White House, years from now, historians will not be sifting through the cultural wreckage that is {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and discover the remnants of what some in both parties see as some ca
taclysmic fiscal event. Alan Jackson need not begin to tune his guitar to ask us all again where we were when the world stopped turning. Americans who endured the grimmest warnings from President Obama and his administration need not fear that the cuts wi
l
l jeopardize military readiness; limit our nation's ability to forecast hurricanes; compromise food safety; lead to outbreaks of E. coli; undermine airport security; and cause older Americans to go hungry. This "meat-cleaver approach," we were warned, wou
l
d kill jobs and compromise national security. Pentagon officials' warnings were especially dire. Leon E. Panetta, the former defense secretary, spoke of a "doomsday mechanism," while his deputies talked of "fiscal castration" and "assisted suicide." Since
 
today's Republican Party knows a thing or two about assisted suicides, you would think its leadership would have taken to heart Mr. Obama's warnings and struck a deal before their abysmal approval ratings sank even lower. Should the G.O.P. enter into yet 
a
nother budget showdown with Mr. Obama in which they appear to be intransigent, eager to slash spending programs for the poor and determined to secure tax breaks for the rich? My theory: perhaps, in spite of the president's best efforts to frame the debate
 
in that way, Republicans are finally on the winning side of a fight. For once, Mr. Obama seems to be the one who has overplayed his hand. His predictions of a crippled military, contaminated food and unforeseen hurricanes will pack a political punch only 
i
f those projections come to pass. Republicans can be forgiven for asking what hardships most Americans can expect to face if sequestration actually allows spending to rise another $15 billion next year. How compromised will federal agencies' missions real
l
y be, given that their budgets increased sizably during Mr. Obama's first term? How much pain will voters inflict on Republicans for following through on the Obama-originated plan to force automatic spending "cuts" that nonetheless maintain the dollars fl
owing from taxpayers to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
? For all the warnings from the Pentagon, it's worth noting that the defense budget will continue to grow even after the sequestration. All this is not to say that such a crude approach to spending cuts isn't shortsighted. 
And recklessly cutting discretionary spending does little to address {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's long-term debt crisis -- which is supposedly why we pushed ourselves into the sequester in the first place. But it is also a fact that this year's reductions will not do great d
amage to domestic and defense programs. Congress will have $85 billion less to spend this year, but the Congressional Budget Office projects that the actual cuts implemented this year will amount to only $42 billion out of a $3.5 trillion budget. That mea
n
s that politicians will have to cut a little more than a penny out of every dollar that it spends this year. Does Mr. Obama really want to claim that his administration, which has added $6 trillion to the national debt, is unable to save a penny out of ev
e
ry dollar it spends? Does he really expect Americans to believe -- after four years, the banking and auto bailouts, several stimulus bills and a run of record deficits -- that our $16 trillion economy cannot absorb $42 billion of spending reductions? Even
 
if the White House believes that such posturing is good politics, it's a strategy that adds up to a fiscal Russian roulette and cheapens the debate. And neither side can afford to do that. Democrats and Republicans need to retarget these cuts in a smarter
 
way before they double next year. They also need to confront the debt-ceiling debate, which has been pushed ahead by a few months. If they fail to do so, Americans might not remember where they were when the sequester happened, but historians will record 
the dismal legacy that the president and Congress are leaving behind. AuthorAffiliation JOE SCARBOROUGH Joe Scarborough, a Republican representative from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Florida{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} from 1995 to 2001, is the host of NBC's "Morning Joe." 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 42. Poison Pill Politics}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 42 of 90
\par 
\par Poison Pill Politics
\par Author: Blow, Charles M
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 02 Mar 2013: A.19.
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\par Abstract: In reality, much of what it did was allow 18 percent of the Bush tax cuts -- mostly those affecting the wealthiest Americans -- to expire while permanently locking in a whopping 82 percent of them. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.edu/sfx_gatech?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=unknown&sid=ProQ:ProQ:nationalnewscore&atitle=Poison%20Pill%20Politics:%20%5B
Op-Ed%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-03-02&volume=&issue=&spage=A.19&au=Blow,%20Charles%20M&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3958249\charrsid14688761 
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\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: The deadline has passed. The sequester is in effect. And Co
ngress is not in session. We now know that our political system is broken beyond anything even remotely resembling a functional government. The ridiculous bill was designed as a poison pill, but Republicans popped it like a Pez. Now the body politic -- we
a
k with battle fatigue, jerked from crisis to crisis and struggling to recover from a recession -- has to wait to see how severe the damage will be. (The director of the Congressional Budget Office estimates that the sequester could cost 750,000 jobs in 20
1
3 alone.) This is all because Republicans have refused to even consider new revenue as part of a deal. That includes revenue from closing tax loopholes, a move they supposedly support. As Speaker John Boehner said after his Congressional leaders met with 
P
resident Obama on Friday: "Let's make it clear that the president got his tax hikes on Jan. 1. This discussion about revenue, in my view, is over." Boehner's intransigence during the talks drew "cheers," according to a report in The New York Times, from h
i
s chronically intransigent colleagues. But their position is a twist of the truth that is coming dangerously close to becoming accepted wisdom by sheer volume of repetition. It must be battled back every time it is uttered. Let's make this clear: it is wr
o
ng to characterize the American Taxpayer Relief Act as a "tax hike." In reality, much of what it did was allow 18 percent of the Bush tax cuts -- mostly those affecting the wealthiest Americans -- to expire while permanently locking in a whopping 82 perce
n
t of them. But of course, that misrepresentation fit with the tired trope of Democrats as tax-and-spend liberals. It also completely ignores that it was Bush-era spending that dug the ditch we're in. Republicans have defined their position, regardless of 
how reckless: austerity or bust. However, as economists have warned, austerity generally precedes -- and, in fact, can cause -- bust. Just look at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Europe{\*\xmlclose}
. But Republicans are so dizzy over the deficits and delighted to lick the boots of billionaires that th
ey cannot -- or will not -- see it. They are still trying to sell cut-to-grow snake oil: cut spending and cut taxes, and the economy will grow because rich people will be happy, and when rich people are happy they hire poor people, and then everyone's hap
p
y. This is the vacuous talk of politicians trying to placate people with vacation homes, not a sensible solution for people trying to purchase, or simply retain, their first homes. Now the president is trying to make the best of a bad situation and bring 
expectations in line with what is likely to happen. When {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Gallup{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 this week asked Americans to use one word to describe the sequester, negative words outnumbered good words four to one. The top three negative words or phrases were "bad," "disaster" and "God h
elp us." At a news conference after Friday's meeting with Congressional leaders, the president tried to tamp down some of the most dire predictions about the sequester's impact. He said: "What's important to understand is that not everyone will feel the p
a
in of these cuts right away. The pain, though, will be real." The president knows well that if the sequester's effects are so diffused that the public -- whose attention span is as narrow as a cat's hair -- doesn't connect them to their source, people mig
h
t think the administration cried wolf. That's why he said, and will most likely continue to say for months, "So every time that we get a piece of economic news over the next month, next two months, next six months, as long as the sequester's in place we'l
l
 know that that economic news could have been better if Congress had not failed to act." He must yoke this pain to the people who invited it. It's not as though most Americans don't already think poorly of Republicans anyway. A Pew Research Center report 
r
eleased this week found that most Americans think the Republican Party, unlike the Democratic Party, is out of touch with the American people and too extreme. And most Americans did not see Republicans as open to change or looking out for the country's fu
t
ure as much as Democrats. The president said Friday that "there is a caucus of common sense up on Capitol Hill" that includes Congressional Republicans who "privately at least" were willing to close loopholes to prevent the sequester. Those privately reas
o
nable Republicans might want to be more public before their party goes over another cliff and takes the country with them. Graph Graphic: Republican Image Problem: Most Americans Have Negative Opinions of the Republican Party, According to a Report This W
eek by the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Pew{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Research{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. The Report Also Found That "Republicans Are More Critical of Their Party Than Democrats Are of Theirs On Most Issues." (Source: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Pew{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Research{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Survey of 1,504 Adults, Conducted Feb. 13-18) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 43. Boehner's Halt To Fiscal Talks Cheers G.O.P.}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 43 of 90
\par 
\par Boehner's Halt To Fiscal Talks Cheers G.O.P.
\par Author: Parker, Ashley
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 01 Mar 2013: A.1.
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\par Abstract: The stalemate was foreshadowed at the Republican retreat in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Williamsburg{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Va.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, in Januar
y, where Mr. Boehner and his leadership team promised that in exchange for passing a short-term debt ceiling extension, they would force the Senate to pass a budget, as well as allow the spending cuts to go into effect. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.edu/sfx_gatec
h?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=unknown&sid=ProQ:ProQ:nationalnewscore&atitle=Boehner's%20Halt%20To%20Fiscal%20Talks%20Cheers%20G.O.P.:%20%5BNational%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&d
ate=2013-03-01&volume=&issue=&spage=A.1&au=Parker,%20Ashley&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3958249\charrsid14688761 {\*\datafield 
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\cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: WASHINGTON -- Speaker John A. Boehner, the man who spent significant portions of the last Congress shuttling to 
and from the White House for fiscal talks with President Obama that ultimately failed twice to produce a grand bargain, has come around to the idea that the best negotiations are no negotiations. As the president and Congressional Democrats have tried to 
f
orce Mr. Boehner back to the table for talks to head off the automatic budget cuts set to take effect on Friday, Mr. Boehner has instead dug in deeper, refusing to even discuss an increase in revenue and insisting in his typical colorful language that it 
w
as time for the Senate to produce a measure aimed at the cuts. "The revenue issue is now closed," Mr. Boehner said Thursday, before the House left town for the weekend without acting on the cuts and a Senate attempt to avert them died. Mr. Boehner said th
e
 dispute with Democrats amounted to a question of "how much more money do we want to steal from the American people to fund more government." "I'm for no more," he said. While the frustrations of Congressional Democrats and Mr. Obama with Mr. Boehner are 
r
eaching a fever pitch, House Republicans could not be more pleased with their leader. "We asked him to commit to us that when the cuts actually came on March 1, that he would stand firm and not give in, and he's holding to that," said Representative Steve
 Scalise, Republican of Louisiana and chairman of the conservative Republican Study Committee. "I think Friday will be an important day that shows we're finally willing to stand and fight for conservative principles and force 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} to start living with
in its means. And that will be a big victory." Representative Mick Mulvaney, a South Carolina Republican who was elected on the 2010 Tea Party wave and has had his differences with the speaker, was similarly complimentary toward Mr. Boehner. "He's doing e
x
actly what he said he was going to do, and I think it's working to our favor and to his," Mr. Mulvaney said. "I get the feeling that our party is probably more unified right now than it has been at any time in the last several months." Mr. Boehner, in som
e
 ways, finds himself the leader of the House Republicans with nowhere to actually lead. Among those who placed him in his post and could conceivably remove him, the test of his leadership seems to be how little action he takes. In a closed-door meeting an
d
 subsequent news conference this week, Mr. Boehner said the House was done negotiating over spending cuts until the Senate "begins to do something." Mr. Boehner began the new Congress on shaky footing, a seemingly chastened man. Speculation swirled that h
e
 might not be able to hold on to his speakership (he did), and he was forced to pass two major pieces of legislation -- a last-minute New Year's Eve deal to avert automatic tax increases, and a Hurricane Sandy relief bill -- without the support of the maj
o
rity of his conference through the help of Democratic votes. On Thursday, Mr. Boehner again moved a piece of legislation through the House without majority support from his rank and file -- the Violence Against Women Act. The result showed that conservati
v
es seem willing to give him some running room on social issues as long as he holds firm on the fiscal front. Amid clamoring from his more conservative members, Mr. Boehner eventually reaffirmed his own conservative principles, abandoning even the pretense
 
of reaching a bipartisan solution on the spending cuts. He argued that the president had gotten his desired tax increases in the earlier showdown. And he promised no more one-on-one negotiating sessions meetings with Mr. Obama, whose political fortitude h
e
 questioned publicly and privately. Mr. Boehner was set to meet Friday at the White House with the president and bipartisan Congressional leadership but made clear Thursday that the ball for now was solely in the Senate's court. The stalemate was foreshad
owed at the Republican retreat in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Williamsburg{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Va.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, in January, where Mr. Boehner and his leadership team promised that in exchange for passing a short-term debt ceiling extension, they would force the Senate to pass a budget, as well as allow the spending
 cuts to go into effect. "I think he realized the president of the United States was using him as a tool for his own benefit and was not actually in a partnership with him, and he also realized that we in the House were not happy with what was coming out 
of those negotiations," said Representative Ra\'fa
l R. Labrador, Republican of Idaho. "We were pretty blunt with him and the entire leadership team that we have to feel like we have a plan and a vision, and we're following up on that plan and that vision." Rep
resentative Jim Jordan, Republican of Ohio, said that on the whole, he thought the spending cuts were a welcome development for which Mr. Boehner deserves credit. "If, in fact, we're going to scale back discretionary spending by $85 billion, tell me when 
that's ever happened before," Mr. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Jordan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 said. "Certainly not in the time I've been in Congress. So even though we'd have preferred it be done a little different and we're open to flexibility, we want that savings, and we're going to achieve it." Republican
 aides say privately that Mr. Boehner sees no need to negotiate; Republicans are in a good place, they argue, because they want spending cuts and those cuts are happening. But Mr. Boehner's tough-guy stance has also opened him to criticism that he has neg
o
tiated himself into a position from which he can no longer effectively negotiate. "John Boehner consistently paints himself into a corner and traps himself on cliffs, and that's been the story of the speakership," said Representative Steve Israel, Democra
t
 of New York and chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee. Though Mr. Obama's public events in recent days have seemed intended to highlight what he says will be the impact of the spending cuts and to shame Republicans into negotiating 
a
 deal, House Republicans have stood their ground, saying they are done negotiating until the Senate passes its own spending cut legislation. (House Republicans have passed two alternative spending cut bills, though both were in the last Congress). For Mr.
 
Boehner, the consequences of allowing the sequester to take effect could be less damaging than the consequences of going back on his promise not to allow any new tax revenues. "I don't quite honestly think that Speaker Boehner would be speaker if that hap
p
ens," Senator Ron Johnson, Republican of Wisconsin, told Fox News recently. But for now Mr. Boehner seems not only to have engendered the good will of his conference but also to have locked in place the spending cuts Republicans have been fighting for. "T
hat's a big win, to finally stand firm on cutting spending," Mr. Scalise said. Photograph John A. Boehner, Second From Left, On His Way to Speak to Reporters in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} On Thursday About the Spending Cuts. (Photograph by Christopher Gregory/the New York Times) (A12) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 44. Many Steps to Be Taken When 'Sequester' Is Law}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 44 of 90
\par 
\par Many Steps to Be Taken When 'Sequester' Is Law
\par Author: Shear, Michael D
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 01 Mar 2013: A.12.
\par }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.library.gatech.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1313296257?accountid=11107}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
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\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Abstract: At some point on Friday (no one will 
say precisely when), President Obama will formally notify government agencies that an obscure process known as sequestration is in effect, triggering deep, across-the-board budget cuts that will force federal spending to shrink. [...]over at the Departmen
t of Housing and Urban Development, officials will spend the weekend mailing out letters to governors in all 50 states showing how much their grants will be reduced in the coming days and weeks. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.edu/sfx_gatech?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_
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\par Full text: WASHINGTON -- At some point on Friday (no one will say precisely when), President Obama will formally notify government agencie
s that an obscure process known as sequestration is in effect, triggering deep, across-the-board budget cuts that will force federal spending to shrink. At that moment, somewhere in the bowels of the Treasury Department, officials will take offline the co
m
puters that process payments for school construction and clean energy bonds to reprogram them for reduced rates. Payments will be delayed while they are made manually for the next six weeks. Hours later, employees at the Environmental Protection Agency wi
l
l open e-mails notifying them of the bad news: a forced furlough of up to 13 days in the weeks ahead. And over at the Department of Housing and Urban Development, officials will spend the weekend mailing out letters to governors in all 50 states showing h
o
w much their grants will be reduced in the coming days and weeks. Created by desperate politicians in Washington to force themselves to find a smarter way to cut government, the "sequester" will instead become the law of the land as a result of a failure 
of Mr. Obama and congressional Republicans to compromise. But the law does not create an immediate spending crisis or government shutdown like the ones that have loomed over so many of the previous budget fights in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. On Friday, the immediate impac
t on most Americans will be exactly nothing. Federally funded day care programs will continue to operate. National parks will stay open. Government employees will continue to report to work. Border patrol agents will do their best to prevent illegal cross
i
ngs. Experts do not expect the stock market to flinch. It will be, Mr. Obama said Wednesday night, more of a "tumble downward" than a quick descent into budgetary nightmare. "It's conceivable that in the first week, the first two weeks, the first three we
e
ks, the first month, a lot of people may not notice the full impact of the sequester," Mr. Obama told a group of business officials. That might not be entirely true, as Mr. Obama noted, for some pockets of American society: companies who do business direc
t
ly with the Defense Department, families who live near military installations and parents who rely on federally funded child care will be affected. Federal workers may soon face effective cuts of 10 percent or more in their salaries this year. But even th
e
re, officials conceded this week, the specific impacts are more fuzzy than the aggregate ones. Ask officials about which contracts will be cut or which services will be trimmed back, and there are long pauses and blank looks. "The impacts of sequester are
 
real," Jay Carney, the White House press secretary, said again and again to reporters on Thursday. "These are about real issues. These are about the concrete effects of policies on people's lives." But who? Which agencies? What contracts? Under the barrag
e of questions, Mr. Carney managed to come up with reduced funding for school children in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. But which children? Those who live in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Columbus{\*\xmlclose} or {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Cincinnati{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
? Officials at the White House, the Office of Management and Budget and the Education Department cann
ot answer with that kind of specificity. White House officials become indignant with suggestions that Mr. Obama and his top lieutenants might have hyped the devastation wrought by the automatic cuts. At his briefing, Mr. Carney insisted that the administr
a
tion had been transparent. "You know, we've been very clear," he said. "What the president said last night is that -- you know, and I think what other people have said -- is that this will be a rolling impact, an effect that will build and build and build
.
" Strategists in the West Wing are betting that the growing impact of the budget cuts -- including what they expect will be a hit to the nation's already slow economic growth rate -- will eventually bring Republicans to the table for a deal. It may take s
o
me time. Even the most direct impact on federal workers -- the forced furloughs -- will not happen in most cases for 30 or 60 days, after government managers have concluded negotiations with the unions that represent workers. A letter sent to employees at
 
the Justice Department, for example, is filled with legalese. "This memorandum notifies you that the Department of Justice (DOJ) proposes to furlough you no earlier than 30 days from receipt of this notice," it said. More letters like that are coming once
 Mr. Obama signs the letter making sequestration official. And when, exactly, will that happen? "It has to be done by 11:59 p.m. tomorrow," Mr. Carney told reporters, joking that it would be at "11:59 and 59 seconds, because he's ever hopeful." 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 45. Parties Focus On the Positive As Cuts Near}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 45 of 90
\par 
\par Parties Focus On the Positive As Cuts Near
\par Author: Weisman, Jonathan
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 28 Feb 2013: A.1.
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\par Abstract: [...]almost the opposite has proved true. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.edu/s
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\par Full text: WASHINGTON -- With time running short and little real effort under way to avert automatic budget cuts
 that take effect Friday, substantial and growing wings of both parties are learning to live with -- if not love -- the so-called sequester. "It's going to happen," said Representative Jim Jordan, Republican of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and a leading conservative voice in the 
House. "It's not the end of the world." For weeks, President Obama has barnstormed the country, warning of the dire consequences of the cuts to military readiness, educators, air travel and first responders even as the White House acknowledges that some o
f
 the disruptions will take weeks to emerge. The reverse side has gone unmentioned: Some of the most liberal members of Congress see the cuts as a rare opportunity to whittle down Pentagon spending. The poor are already shielded from the worst of the cuts,
 
and the process could take pressure off the Democratic Party, at least in the short run, to tamper with Social Security and Medicare. At the same time, the president gets some relief from the constant drumbeat of budget news to focus on his top policy pri
o
rities: immigration and gun control. And Republicans, while denouncing the level of military cuts and the ham-handedness of the budget scythe, finally see the government shrinking in real dollars. "There are certainly many of us who realize we have got to
 
get spending under control," said Senator Patrick J. Toomey, Republican of Pennsylvania, who served on the joint Congressional committee that was appointed to reach a deficit deal to avert the cuts but failed. "This is a crude way to do it, but at least i
t
's moving in that direction." The bipartisan talking point has held that the $1.2 trillion in cuts over a decade, established in the 2011 Budget Control Act, were intended to be so onerous to both sides that they would force Republicans and Democrats to u
n
ite around a bipartisan, comprehensive deficit package that raised taxes and slowed entitlement spending. In fact, almost the opposite has proved true. The sword of Damocles turns out to be made of Styrofoam. "I don't think it was effective," said Senator
 
Rob Portman, Republican of Ohio and another member of the joint committee. "I said it at the time. I said it before the process. I said it after. We would have been better off without the sequester." Democrats involved in the negotiations were careful to 
m
ake sure that the automatic spending cuts mostly exempted the disadvantaged. In back-room talks, Republicans pushed for a 4 percent cut to health care providers who serve Medicare patients. Democrats made it 2 percent, said Representative Chris Van Hollen
,
 Democrat of Maryland and a member of the joint panel. Representative Xavier Becerra, Democrat of California and another member, said his party was not about to let the automatic cuts hit health care, after the long fight over the Affordable Care Act. Ins
t
ead, they would follow a template established by earlier deficit deals. "The Democratic side fought very hard to make sure the most vulnerable would not be hit as hard as they usually are," he said. Republicans protected uniformed military personnel and m
ade sure no cuts would fall on the conduct of the war in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. Most important, they made sure that failure to reach a bipartisan deal would not set off automatic tax increases, a decision that may have made the automatic cuts inevitable, Republican n
egotiators now concede. "It was a subject of conversation: 'Hey look, you guys are pushing us on tax increases, and our backstop right behind us is something that involves no tax increases, all cuts,' " Mr. Portman recalled. "And the Democrats were saying
,
 'Hey, you guys are pushing us on doing more on entitlements. Our backstop right behind us says it all comes out of one of your favorite areas, defense.' " The exemptions agreed to in 2011 will significantly worsen the sting for unprotected programs, espe
cially in the Defense Department, which will face programmatic cuts as deep as 13 percent in the next seven months. But they also eased political fears on the left and right flanks of the parties. Representative Ra\'fa
l Grijalva, Democrat of Arizona and a lead
er of the House's Progressive Caucus, said cuts in military spending would force the Pentagon to modernize and finally rein in excesses in contracting. And while populations with the weakest political voices will be protected, the biggest hits will fall o
n
 members of the Democratic coalition with more political weight who can fend for themselves: research universities, environmentalists and the like. The virtues of government may become clearer to the American people, Mr. Grijalva said. "Suddenly, everyone
'
s going to find themselves in the same boat as that Head Start kid that's waiting in line," he said. "That's a real opportunity." That is not the official line, especially for Democrats, who still say that the coming cuts will be widely destructive. Even 
s
ome of the strongest liberals in Congress say the protections in the plan and the military cuts are not enough to justify the damage. "While the Democrats may be winning the political battle, Republicans are winning the ideological war," said Senator Bern
ard Sanders, a liberal independent from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Vermont{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. "The goal of the right wing is to essentially undo the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
Roosevelt{\*\xmlclose} era, the New Deal, substantially cut back on government, and in a sense, they are achieving that. This is a huge step." But some on the left ha
ve used it as a rallying cry. Twenty-one House Democrats have signed a letter saying that with the cuts in place, they will vote against "any and every cut to Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security benefits" going forward. One House Democratic leader, spe
a
king on the condition of anonymity, conceded this week that rallying the base against the cuts had been hampered by a left flank that has cheered them on. Adam Green, a founder of the liberal Progressive Change Campaign Committee, which organized the lett
e
r, said the military cuts, so focused on procurement, "could change the culture of defense contracting for decades to come." He also said the coming cuts were already rallying the liberal base to hold the line on entitlements. Representative Alan Grayson,
 a liberal Florida Democrat, agreed. "The sequester is going to raise the apparition again of the so-called grand bargain," he said, referring to a deficit plan that raises taxes and cuts entitlements, "which isn't grand and certainly isn't a bargain." 

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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 46. Obama Aims to Make G.O.P. Seem at Fault for Stalemate's Pain}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 46 of 90
\par 
\par Obama Aims to Make G.O.P. Seem at Fault for Stalemate's Pain
\par Author: Shear, Michael D
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 28 Feb 2013: A.16.
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\par Abstract: [...]White House officials do not expect the House speaker, John A. Boehner of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}, or the Republican minority leader, Senator Mitch McConnell of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Kentucky{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, to agree to tax increases in the next two days. 
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\par Full text: WASHINGTON -- President Obama's team concedes that the almost certain arrival of across-the-board budget cuts on Friday will not immediately produce the politically dramatic layoffs and ai
rport delays that the administration has been warning about for days. But White House strategists say they believe that a constant drip of bad news will emerge in Congressional districts across the country in the weeks ahead, generating negative headlines
 and, they hope, putting Republicans on the defensive for their refusal to raise taxes. In accepting the inevitability of an extended {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 stalemate, the White House is risking the possibility that Americans may eventually blame the president, not mem
bers of Congress, for job losses, smaller paychecks, longer lines at airports, a reduction in government services and a less well-equipped military. Mr. Obama could also ultimately emerge as a kind of president who cried wolf if Americans just shrug at th
e
 slow-rolling budget cuts and think the crisis atmosphere that he created was more hype than reality. On Wednesday night, the president acknowledged to a group of business leaders that "a lot of people may not notice the full impact of the sequester" for 
w
eeks. Even so, he has used the White House political machinery to raise public anxiety about the budget cuts, called sequestration. The goal, officials said, is to prepare Americans for layoffs, shrinking benefits and reduced services -- and to ensure tha
t
 Republicans are blamed. "It will be like a rolling ball," Janet Napolitano, the secretary of homeland security, said this week, describing the effect of the budget cuts on her agency. "It will keep growing." The wait-it-out political strategy in the Whit
e
 House is different from the one Mr. Obama pursued in previous tax and spending standoffs with Republican lawmakers. In those clashes, the president urgently sought to reach last-minute deals with Republicans to avoid the dire fiscal and economic conseque
n
ces of an impasse. This time there are not even meetings scheduled until one between Mr. Obama and the Congressional leadership on Friday, the day the cuts are to go into effect. Publicly, at least, White House officials assert that the president remains 
h
opeful that something may happen in the next 48 hours to delay the automatic cuts, which he and the Republicans agreed to in the summer of 2011 as a way to prod agreement on how to cut the nation's soaring deficit. In reality, there appear to be no attemp
t
s at last-minute negotiations over what remains a deep, philosophical disagreement about how best to deal with taxes, the nation's deepening debt and long-term investments in infrastructure and services. Jay Carney, the president's press secretary, told r
e
porters on Wednesday that "hope springs eternal," but he reiterated that the president would not back down from insisting that any further deficit reduction comprise both tax increases and spending cuts. "There is no alternative in the president's mind to
 balance," Mr. Carney said. He added that "we remain hopeful that at some point, hopefully soon, that Republicans will understand the need to compromise here." In fact, White House officials do not expect the House speaker, John A. Boehner of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}, or the Republican minority leader, Senator Mitch McConnell of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Kentucky{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, to agree to tax increases in the next two days. As a result, the next several weeks could look very much like the present, with Mr. Obama flying around the country to warn about the effect of 
the budget cuts. Arne Duncan, the secretary of education, said Wednesday that the cuts would eventually mean the loss of jobs for 17,200 teachers, less college aid for 70,000 students, and reductions in access to child care. Mr. Carney said a decision by 
i
mmigration officials to release from jails some nonviolent detainees was made "without any input" from the White House. Republicans are trying to make the case to the American public that the president and his staff are trying to frighten people by overst
a
ting how difficult it will be for government agencies to trim their spending. Mr. Boehner said in an interview on Wednesday on the CBS program "This Morning" that the president had "traveled over 5,000 miles in the last two weeks doing campaign-style even
t
s," adding, "this is a time to lead." House Republicans say they are confident that their members will not give in to the president's demands for tax increases no matter what happens after the cuts take effect. Strategists for Mr. Boehner believe that Rep
u
blicans have been successful in branding the cuts as Mr. Obama's idea. For weeks, the speaker and others have pointed to news reports from 2011 suggesting that sequestration was initially proposed by the president's top aides. Top Republicans say their me
m
bers previously made concessions to Mr. Obama only when inaction would have led to a payroll tax increase or an income tax increase on all Americans. This time, they say, their inaction will lead to spending cuts, something they say Americans support. Mr.
 
McConnell said in a statement on Wednesday that the meeting with the president on Friday was a chance to affirm the Republican commitment to spending cuts. "With a $16.6 trillion national debt, and a promise to the American people to address it, one thing
 is perfectly clear: We will cut {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 spending," Mr. McConnell said. "We can either secure those reductions more intelligently, or we can do it the president's way with across-the board cuts. But one thing Americans simply will not accept is another t
ax increase to replace spending reductions we already agreed to." Photograph President Obama, with John A. Boehner of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, the House Speaker, at the Capitol On Wednesday. Both Remain Far Apart On the Current Budget Standoff. (Photograph by Doug Mills/the New York Times) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 47. Budget Cuts Are Just the First Shots in a Long Battle Ahead}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
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\par 
\par Budget Cuts Are Just the First Shots in a Long {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Battle{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Ahead
\par Author: Stevenson, Richard W
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 28 Feb 2013: A.16.
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\par Abstract: [...
]assuming no flowering of peace, love and understanding in the months following fiscal policy's March Madness, the White House and Congress could then find themselves in July back where they were two years earlier: deeply divided over both long- and short
-term budget measures and confronting the need to raise the government's debt ceiling again amid calls from conservatives to use that leverage to further cut spending. 
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=&spage=A.16&au=Stevenson,%20Richard%20W&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3958249\charrsid14688761 {\*\datafield 
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\par Full text: It may be hard to believe, given the intense partisan strafing already ignited by the automatic government spending cuts that begin
 on Friday, but this year's budget wars have yet to get fully under way. In the next month, Democrats and Republicans, so at odds with one another that they are not even negotiating to avert the across-the-board cuts set to kick in at the end of the week,
 
will have to find a way to agree on spending levels for the remainder of this year. If they fail, they could risk a government shutdown starting March 27, when the current authorization for spending runs out. From the White House to Capitol Hill, no one c
l
aims to have any idea about how things will play out or particular confidence that a crisis can be averted. As that drama unfolds, another argument will erupt, over a plan to be presented in mid-March by Representative Paul D. Ryan of Wisconsin, the Repub
l
ican vice-presidential nominee last year, to balance the budget in 10 years through spending cuts far deeper than anything adopted so far. Mr. Ryan's task will be made easier because his budget, which the House is likely to adopt largely unchanged as its 
t
ax and spending blueprint, will accept as a given the tax increases won by President Obama over Republican objections at the beginning of this year. But to give one indication of the kind of deep spending reductions necessary to achieve balance in a decad
e
, last year's budget plan from Mr. Ryan did not eliminate the deficit until almost 2040. March will also bring the belated unveiling of Mr. Obama's budget for next year, which will serve as a counterpoint to Mr. Ryan's proposal. To make things even more i
n
teresting, the two parties will also take up the first budget plan to be produced by Senate Democrats in four years, forcing vulnerable red-state Democrats into some tough votes. Then, assuming no flowering of peace, love and understanding in the months f
o
llowing fiscal policy's March Madness, the White House and Congress could then find themselves in July back where they were two years earlier: deeply divided over both long- and short-term budget measures and confronting the need to raise the government's
 
debt ceiling again amid calls from conservatives to use that leverage to further cut spending. The succession of showdowns mirrors to a great degree those that played out tumultuously in 2011, leading to the ungainly compromise that produced this week's a
u
tomatic spending cuts. Two years ago, the unfolding conflicts were a test of the Tea Party movement's ability to drive the Republicans into a more aggressive posture on reducing the size and scope of government. This time around they are a test of whether
 Mr. Obama's re-election shifted the political dynamic in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 in a fundamental way. Having prevailed in getting a tax hike in January, Mr. Obama is now trying to break a cycle in which conservatives regularly thwart his hopes of a legacy-enhancing bi
partisan deal that would bring down the deficit through a combination of further tax increases and cuts to the entitlement programs. And he is still trying, with a notable lack of success so far, to return budget negotiations to a normal legislative proce
s
s in Congress rather than lurching from one crisis-infused deadline to the next. "The American public has been very clear that they do not want us to manage this country by crisis," said Senator Patty Murray, Democrat of Washington, the chairwoman of the 
S
enate Budget Committee. But for the next few weeks and months, brinkmanship could be more the rule than the exception. At this point, the White House and both parties in Congress expect across-the-board cuts to domestic and military programs to take effec
t
 as scheduled on Friday and to remain in force for some relatively extended period. House Republicans intend to move as early as next week to the next stage of the confrontation. They want to pass a continuing resolution to keep the government operating, 
p
robably through the end of the current fiscal year on Sept. 30. The measure would authorize discretionary spending of $1.04 trillion -- the legal cap for this year -- with the understanding that the total would automatically be reduced by the amount of th
e
 automatic cuts for this year, effectively yielding a discretionary spending authorization of around $970 billion. House Republicans say the measure is clean and simple, and that if the Democratic-controlled Senate or the White House choose to reject it, 
t
hen the responsibility for shutting down the government would fall to them. Senate Democrats and White House officials declined to say exactly how they would respond, preferring to see how votes on a Senate Democratic alternative play out this week. Senat
e
 Democrats, saying they want to avoid indiscriminate spending cuts but still achieve the same amount of deficit reduction, have proposed swapping the cuts mandated by the sequester for a package of cuts to farm-subsidy programs and tax increases. That pac
k
age has little chance of clearing the Senate. Congress and the administration could have as little as three weeks to sort things out or risk a government shutdown. Congress is scheduled to leave town around March 22 for its spring break; in addition to re
s
olving spending levels for this year, Congressional leaders are hoping to push budget plans for next year through the House and Senate before they leave town. The experience of the past several years suggests that nothing will truly get settled in the nex
t
 month. That would kick the big fights -- over the composition of spending cuts, the willingness of Republicans to go along with Mr. Obama's demand for further tax increases and the prospects for a long-term deficit reduction deal -- into the summer, when
 
the federal government will again reach its legal borrowing limit. Many analysts say the prospects for a comprehensive deal this summer are no better than they were in 2011, when talks between Mr. Obama and the House speaker, John A. Boehner, collapsed. "
I
 don't think there's a grand bargain out there -- not this year, not next year, maybe not until after 2016," said Stan Collender, a veteran budget analyst. If that pessimistic view proves correct, the two parties will have to fall back again on temporary 
m
easures and gimmicks to avert total fiscal gridlock and the risks of further economic and financial damage to the country -- exactly the sequence of events that put them where they are today. The Times's Jackie Calmes discussed the implications of the seq
uestration on Tuesday's TimesCast. This is a more complete version of the story than the one that appeared in print. 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 48. Nearing D-Day on the Budget Cuts}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par 
\par Nearing D-Day on the Budget Cuts
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 28 Feb 2013: A.28.
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\par Abstract: None available.
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\par Full text: To the Editor: Your Feb. 25 editorial "Defense and the Sequester" rightly likens the a
brupt and indiscriminate budget cuts known as the sequester to a "political machete," but wrongly concludes that the Pentagon can easily absorb these cuts with "prudence and good management." We at the Defense Department are ready to implement the sequest
e
r and will do everything possible under this deliberately restrictive law to mitigate its devastating effects on national security. We also recognize that the Defense Department should help put our nation's fiscal house in order; that is why we have begun
 
to cut $487 billion in defense spending over 10 years. We also know we deserve only the budget we need, not the budget we once had. That need should be constantly reassessed. As former Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta and his predecessor, Robert M. Gates
,
 have repeatedly said, we need to get better value for every defense dollar we're given. But good management is undermined by sequestration and by something that your editorial does not mention but that is as much of a problem -- the fact that we have no 
n
ew appropriations bill and are living under last year's law. These two factors together lead to dangerous absurdities like having to curtail soldiers' training, ships' sailing and airplanes' flying. Our military will therefore not be fully ready to meet c
ontingencies other than {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. A strategic approach to defense spending is being seriously compromised by gridlock in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. That is why we urgently need Congress to pass a balanced deficit reduction package that President Obama can sign, and app
ropriations bills for the Defense Department and all federal agencies. Our nation's security depends on it. ASHTON B. CARTER Deputy Secretary of Defense Washington, Feb. 27, 2013 To the Editor: I was assistant secretary of defense for systems analysis fro
m
 1970 to 1973. My staff and I were responsible for the defense planning, programming and budgeting system. I am convinced that, given that staff and responsibility today, we could design a defense program that would ensure our capability to provide the fo
r
ces needed to meet the challenges and objectives in the next decade, while reducing the budget to the levels called for by the sequester. The keys would be to think through anew and carefully what those objectives and challenges may be, and the capabiliti
e
s required to meet them, and to determine the extent to which we can plan to share with our allies the responsibility for providing those capabilities. Then we would need to develop the American share and work with our allies to see the complementary join
t
 shares developed. GARDINER L. TUCKER Shelton, Conn., Feb. 25, 2013 To the Editor: I read with interest your reasonable analysis of how "with prudence and good management," the Defense Department could absorb the cuts in the sequester. But the next day, y
ou seemed to say there was no way to avoid significant damage if domestic cuts took effect ("The States Get the Bad News," editorial, Feb. 26). Isn't "prudence and good management" possible across the board? JIM FAIX {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}
Menlo Park{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Calif.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, Feb. 26, 2013 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 49. As Budget Cuts Loom, Austerity Has Killed Off Government Jobs}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 49 of 90
\par 
\par As Budget Cuts Loom, Austerity Has Killed Off Government Jobs
\par Author: Appelbaum, Binyamin
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 27 Feb 2013: A.1.
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\par Abstract: The federal government, 
the nation's largest consumer and investor, is cutting back at a pace exceeded in the last half-century only by the military demobilizations after the Vietnam War and the cold war. [...]he said short-term cuts would worsen those problems by slowing the ec
onomy. [...]sequestration mostly spares Medicare and Medicaid, the health care programs that are the primary reason federal spending is projected to increase. 
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\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: WASHINGTON -- The federal government, the nation's largest consumer and investor, is cutting back at a pace exceeded in the last half-ce
ntury only by the military demobilizations after the Vietnam War and the cold war. And the turn toward austerity is set to accelerate on Friday if the mandatory federal spending cuts known as sequestration start to take effect as scheduled. Those cuts wou
ld join an earlier round of deficit reduction measures passed in 2011 and the wind-down of wars in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}
}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} that already have reduced the federal government's contribution to the nation's gross domestic product by almost 7 percent in the last tw
o years. The cuts may be felt more deeply because state and local governments -- which expanded rapidly during earlier rounds of federal reductions in the 1970s and the 1990s, offsetting much of the impact -- have also been cutting back. Federal, state an
d
 local governments now employ 500,000 fewer workers than they did on the eve of the recession in 2007, the longest and deepest decline in total government employment since the aftermath of World War II. Total government spending continues to increase, but
 
those broader figures include benefit programs like Social Security. Government purchases and investments expand the nation's economy, just as private sector transactions do, while benefit programs move money from one group of people to another without di
r
ectly expanding economic activity. The Federal Reserve and other economic forecasters say that the latest round of government austerity is not likely to return the economy to recession, thanks to stronger private sector growth. But the spending cutbacks a
n
d actions to raise taxes could reduce growth by roughly 1.5 percentage points this year, according to the Congressional Budget Office, leaving the sluggish economy operating well below capacity. In testimony to lawmakers on Tuesday, the Fed chairman, Ben 
S
. Bernanke, urged Congress and the Obama administration to replace the scheduled budget cuts with a plan to reduce federal deficits more gradually. "Although monetary policy is working to promote a more robust recovery, it cannot carry the entire burden o
f
 ensuring a speedier return to economic health," Mr. Bernanke said. He warned that the combination of previous spending cuts and the looming mandatory reductions "could create a significant headwind for the economic recovery." The shrinking government is 
a
 normal response to an extraordinary situation. Government spending generally rises during recessions and falls as the economy recovers. Spending always declines at the end of one war, let alone two. And three years after a recession, the American economy
 
typically is restored to full bloom. But this time is different. Growth has remained sluggish and millions remain unemployed even as the federal government, riven by partisan differences, has largely turned its attention to deficit reduction. Mr. Bernanke
,
 like many critics of sequestration, said the government could not ignore the need to reduce its annual deficits and curtail the growth of its debt. But he said short-term cuts would worsen those problems by slowing the economy. Moreover, sequestration mo
s
tly spares Medicare and Medicaid, the health care programs that are the primary reason federal spending is projected to increase. Congress and the administration, he said, should "introduce these cuts more gradually and compensate with larger and more sus
t
ained cuts in the future." Others, however, say that it makes no sense to postpone inevitable cuts. They note that government cutbacks may cause short-term pain, but also tend to provide long-term benefits by making resources available to the private sect
or. "People focus on the upfront cost and they don't think through the whole timeline," said Tyler Cowen, an economist at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}George{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Mason{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}University{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and an occasional contributor to the Sunday Business section of The New York Times. "You have to cut spending w
ithin the next 10 years anyway. It may be time to take some lumps." The current round of austerity does not yet approach the depth or the duration of the earlier round of cutbacks. Between 1969 and 1974, as spending on the Vietnam War declined, the govern
m
ent reduced consumption and investment by 24 percent after adjusting for inflation. Between 1991 and 1999, the government reduced consumption and investment by an inflation-adjusted 14 percent. Over the last two years, federal consumption and investment d
e
clined by 6.9 percent. Including state and local consumption, a larger category that has declined more slowly, the inflation-adjusted reduction since 2011 was 4.9 percent. But Alec Phillips, an economist at Goldman Sachs, estimated that federal consumptio
n
 could fall by another 11 percent over the next two years. Mr. Phillips also noted that those earlier rounds of cuts in the 1970s and the 1990s came primarily from the military budget. The sequester is designed to be indiscriminate, cutting everything fro
m
 air traffic control to nursery schools. That could increase the resulting pain, because economic research suggests that military cuts are less painful than other kinds of spending reductions. "It is cutting some of the best spending that government does,
"
 Professor Cowen said of the cuts that would fall on the domestic side of the ledger. He said Congress should focus instead on cuts to military spending, farm subsidies and health care programs like Medicare that he regarded as ripe for reductions. He sai
d
 that military contractors and personnel might be able to find new jobs with relative ease, because unemployment rates are fairly low for well-educated workers; it is those with less education who are struggling most. An important reason for the depth of 
the current cutbacks is that the federal government mounted an unusually large response to the recession, even adjusting for its severity, according to research by the Federal Reserve Bank of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}San Francisco{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Federal spending expanded to equal almost 25 perce
nt of annual economic output in 2009, well above the 23 percent share that would have been expected based on past recessions, the San Francisco Fed found. But that pattern has now flipped. While federal spending remained above the historical trend until e
a
rlier this year, scheduled cuts over the next two years would push government spending well below the trend. "History shows that discretionary fiscal policy often helps to support a recovery," Janet Yellen, vice chairwoman of the Federal Reserve, said in 
a
 recent speech. "Discretionary fiscal policy this time has actually acted to restrain the recovery." She added: "I expect that discretionary fiscal policy will continue to be a headwind for the recovery for some time, instead of the tail wind it has been 
i
n the past." Photograph The Budget Cuts Scheduled to Start Taking Effect On Friday Would Affect All Facets of the Federal Budget, Including Aviation and Military Spending. (Photographs by Jim Weber/the Commercial Appeal, Via Associated Press; Ted S. Warre
n
/Associated Press; Michael Reynolds/European Pressphoto Agency) (A16) Charts: Austerity Is Already Here: Federal Government Spending Often Falls After Recessions and Wars, but the Current Round of Cuts in Investment and Spending On Goods and Services Is U
n
usually Deep. Combined with Cuts by State and Local Governments, the Drop in Government's Contribution to Economic Growth Is the Largest in More Than 50 Years. Government Jobs, Which Have Generally Increased During and After Recessions, Have Declined 2.3 
P
ercent Since the Most Recent One Began in Late 2007.; Change in Government Consumption and Investment; Government Jobs Added or Lost During and After Recessions (Sources: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (Government Expenditures); National Bureau of Econ
omic Research (Recessions); Bureau of Labor Statistics (Employment)) (Charts by Alicia Parlapiano/the New York Times) (A16) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid5128770\charrsid14688761 
\par 
\par 
\par 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 50. Mass Release Of Immigrants Is Tied to Cuts}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 50 of 90
\par 
\par Mass Release Of Immigrants Is Tied to Cuts
\par Author: Semple, Kirk
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 27 Feb 2013: A.1.
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\par Abstract: A spokeswoman for Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE, an arm of the Department of Homeland Security, said the detainees selected for release were "noncriminals and other low-risk offenders who do not have serious criminal histories." 

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\par Full text: Federal immigration officials have released hundreds of detainees from detention centers ar
ound the country in recent days in a highly unusual effort to save money as automatic budget cuts loom in Washington, officials said Tuesday. The government has not dropped the deportation cases against the immigrants, however. The detainees have been fre
ed on supervised release while their cases continue in court, officials said. But the decision angered many Republicans, including Representative Robert W. Goodlatte of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, who said the releases were a political gambit by the Obama administration that
 undermined the continuing negotiations over comprehensive immigration reform and jeopardized public safety. "It's abhorrent that President Obama is releasing criminals into our communities to promote his political agenda on sequestration," said Mr. Goodl
a
tte, who, as chairman of the Judiciary Committee, is running the House hearings on immigration reform. "By releasing criminal immigrants onto the streets, the administration is needlessly endangering American lives." A spokeswoman for Immigration and Cust
o
ms Enforcement, or ICE, an arm of the Department of Homeland Security, said the detainees selected for release were "noncriminals and other low-risk offenders who do not have serious criminal histories." Officials said the releases, which began last week 
a
nd continued on Tuesday, were a response to the possibility of automatic governmentwide budget cuts, known as sequestration, which are scheduled to take effect on Friday. "As fiscal uncertainty remains over the continuing resolution and possible sequestra
t
ion, ICE has reviewed its detained population to ensure detention levels stay within ICE's current budget," the agency's spokeswoman, Gillian M. Christensen, said in a statement. The agency's budget for custody operations in the current fiscal year is $2.
0
5 billion, officials said, and as of Saturday, ICE was holding 30,773 people in its detention system. Immigration officials said Tuesday that they had no plans to release substantially more detainees this week, though they warned that more releases were s
t
ill possible depending on the outcome of budget negotiations. They refused to specify exactly how many detainees were released, or where the releases took place. But immigrants' advocates around the country have reported that detainees were freed in sever
al places, including {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hudson County{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}N.J.{\*\xmlclose}; {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Polk County{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Tex.
{\*\xmlclose}; {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Broward County{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Fla.{\*\xmlclose}; {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}New Orleans{\*\xmlclose}; and from centers in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Alabama{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Arizona{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Georgia{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. While immigration officials occasionally free detainees on supervised release, immigration advocates 
said that the surge of recent releases -- so many in such a short span of time -- was extraordinary. Under supervised release, defendants in immigration cases have to adhere to a strict reporting schedule that might include attending appointments at a reg
i
onal immigration office as well as wearing electronic monitoring bracelets, officials said. Advocacy groups, citing the cost of detaining immigrants, have for years argued that the federal government should make greater use of less expensive alternatives 
t
o detention for low-risk defendants being held on administrative charges. One such group, the National Immigration Forum, estimated last year that it cost from $122 to $164 a day to hold a detainee in the federal immigration system. In contrast, the organ
ization said, alternative forms of detention could cost from 30 cents to $14 a day per immigrant. Among those released in the past week was Anthony Orlando Williams, 52, a Jamaican immigrant who spent nearly three years in a detention center in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Georgia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. "I'm good, man," he said. "I'm free." Mr. Williams, in a telephone interview from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Stone Mountain{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ga.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, said he became an illegal immigrant when he overstayed a visa in 1991. He was detained in 2010 by a sheriff's deputy in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Gwinnett County{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ga.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, when it was di
scovered that he had violated probation for a conviction in 2005 of simple assault, simple battery and child abuse, charges that sprung from a domestic dispute with his wife at the time. He was transferred to ICE custody and has been fighting a deportatio
n order with the help of Families for Freedom, an immigrant support group in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. Mr. Williams was released last Friday. "That was a long, long, long run," he said of his detention, adding that he has an appointment this Friday at an immigration office in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}
Atlanta{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 at which he expects to receive the terms of his supervised release -- "a list of things I have to abide by." Human Rights First, another advocacy group in New York, which has been pressing for reform of the immigration detention system, said th
at 96 percent of immigrants enrolled in ICE's alternatives-to-detention program attended their final hearing in 2011. That figure was up from the year before, in which 93 percent attended their final court hearings, said the group, citing statistics provi
d
ed by B.I., a private contractor that provides monitoring and supervision services to ICE. Immigrants' advocates applauded the releases but pressed the Obama administration to do more, including adhering more closely to its declared enforcement priorities
 and leaving alone immigrants accused of low-level crimes and administrative immigration violations. "It shouldn't take a manufactured crisis in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} to prompt our immigration agencies to actually take steps towards using government resources wisely o
r keeping families together," said Carolina Canizales, a leader of United We Dream, the nation's largest group of young illegal immigrants. But Senator Jeff Sessions, Republican of Alabama, a senior member of the Senate Judiciary Committee, which is also 
h
olding immigration hearings, said the releases "lessened the chances" that legislators might reach a bipartisan accord on comprehensive immigration reform. "It is clear the administration is using the sequester as a convenient excuse to bow to political p
r
essure from the amnesty groups," he said. "With this new action, the administration has further demonstrated that it has no commitment to enforcing the law and cannot be trusted to deliver on any future promises of enforcement." Other Republicans, however
,
 shrugged off the releases, saying they expected that the administration would use the excuse of sequestration to take attention-grabbing action and that they were prepared for more in the coming days. Credit: KIRK SEMPLE; Jonathan Weisman contributed rep
orting. Photograph Anthony Orlando Williams Was Released Last Week After Nearly Three Years in an {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Immigration{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Detention{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Georgia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. (Photograph by Virginie Drujon-Kippelen for the New York Times) (A16) 
\par Subject: Aliens; Deportation; Immigration policy; Federal budget
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 51. With Virginia Shipyard as Backdrop, Obama Warns Again on Cuts}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 51 of 90
\par 
\par With Virginia Shipyard as Backdrop, Obama Warns Again on Cuts
\par Author: Shear, Michael D; Shanker, Thom
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 27 Feb 2013: A.13.
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\par Abstract: President Obama flew on Tuesday to the vast shipyard where the nation's nuclear-powered aircraft carriers are built to send a warning that automatic cuts in the Pentagon budget, only three days away, threatened the jobs of tens of thousands of 
workers and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}'s fragile economic recovery. 
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\par Full text: NEWPORT NEWS, Va. -- President Obama flew on Tuesday to the vast shipyard where the nation's nuclear-powered aircraft carriers are built to send a warning that automatic cuts in the Pentagon budget, only three days away, threatened the job
s of tens of thousands of workers and America's fragile economic recovery. "This work, along with hundreds of thousands of jobs, are currently in jeopardy because of politics in Washington," the president told a crowd of several hundred at Newport News Sh
i
pbuilding, which employs 21,000 people in Virginia and is the state's largest industrial employer. "These cuts are wrong. They're not smart. They are not fair. They are a self-inflicted wound that doesn't have to happen." In a sign of the deepening intran
s
igence on both sides, Republicans dismissed Mr. Obama's remarks as political grandstanding and accused him of trying to scare Americans by exaggerating the impact of the cuts. They mocked Mr. Obama's recent trips to sound alarms about the budget cuts as c
a
mpaign-style events that would not ease the nation's fiscal problems. House Speaker John A. Boehner said the president was using the country's "military men and women as a prop in yet another campaign rally," and showed no willingness to accept Mr. Obama'
s
 demands for more revenue by closing tax loopholes. "Spending is the problem, and spending cuts are the solution," Mr. Boehner said on Capitol Hill. "Yes, we should close loopholes, but we should do it as part of tax reform that lowers rates and helps cre
a
te jobs." But any compromise seemed increasingly elusive and Republican lawmakers appeared divided about how to proceed. Senate Republicans emerged Tuesday from a policy meeting at odds over what they should offer to replace or mitigate across-the-board s
p
ending cuts slated to hit Friday, probably postponing a showdown in the Senate on the parties' two approaches. Newport News Shipbuilding is the nation's only builder of the Navy's nuclear-powered carriers and one of only two builders of nuclear-powered su
b
marines. Pentagon officials say the prospect of the automatic cuts, known as the sequester, has delayed the Navy's overhaul of the carrier Abraham Lincoln at the shipyard, and would also delay construction of a future aircraft carrier, the John F. Kennedy
. The Navy has already signaled that the cuts would delay the routine deployment of a second carrier to the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Persian Gulf{\*\xmlclose}
 region. But Mr. Obama's trip to the shipyard was intended to draw attention to what officials say would have a far bigger financial impa
ct at home -- the loss of economic activity and jobs at private companies that do contract work for the military. White House officials said the cuts could cost thousands of jobs at the shipyard and at the many suppliers around the country who provide the
 
raw materials to build the nation's fleet of warships. "Already, the uncertainty around these cuts is having an effect," Mr. Obama said. "Companies are starting to prepare for layoff notices. The longer these cuts are in place, the greater the damage." Th
e
 visit was part of a continuing effort by the Obama administration to dramatize the real-world impact of the budget cuts, which were enacted 18 months ago by both parties as a way of persuading lawmakers to compromise on less onerous ways of reducing the 
deficit. Joining Mr. Obama on Air Force One for the brief flight from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose} was Representative Scott Rigell, Republican of Virginia, whose district includes {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}
Norfolk{\*\xmlclose} and parts of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Newport News{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} near the shipyard. He told reporters that he agreed with the 
president on the need for tax increases to go along with spending cuts -- a view that splits him from his conservative colleagues. "I believe that a position that says we will reject a proposal if it has even a dollar increase in revenue, I don't think th
a
t's a wise position and I don't hold that value," Mr. Rigell said, adding he favors getting rid of "lobbyist-inspired, lobbyist-written loopholes. I am in favor of that." But he criticized the president for not offering a specific proposal to resolve the 
i
mpasse. "I think both parties are responsible for where we are now," Mr. Rigell said. The president, however, praised Mr. Rigell at the event, giving him credit for being willing to join Democrats in calling for the closing of tax loopholes rather than le
t
ting the automatic spending cuts happen. "That's not always healthy for a Republican, being with me," Mr. Obama said. The president said the budget cuts set to take effect on Friday would severely affect companies that depend on the defense industry and t
heir workers. Although military officials say there will be little visible impact on the country's fighting ability immediately after the cuts begin, they say the damage would build over weeks and months as ground brigades scheduled to go to 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} do 
not receive the training they need. Military officials have said that within a year it is possible that two-thirds of Army and Marine Corps ground combat brigades would not have been trained or equipped to merit a rating of full readiness. Likewise, Air F
o
rce and Navy pilots eventually may not be able to fly the required training hours for readiness certification. "This is not a government shutdown," said George Little, the Pentagon press secretary. "But it will start the erosion of our military readiness,
 
and we will soon see impacts to bases and installations around the world." The Defense department has already notified 800,000 civilian employees that they may be subject to temporary furloughs that would require them to take leaves without pay in the rem
aining seven months of the current budget year. Before his remarks, Mr. Obama toured the sprawling facility, where sections of the John Warner and the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Illinois{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}, two Virginia-class submarines, were under construction. The company, which has built more than 8
00 military ships since it was formed in 1886, has revenues of $3.5 billion per year. Credit: MICHAEL D. SHEAR and THOM SHANKER; Jonathan Weisman contributed reporting from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Photograph On Tuesday, President Obama Told Employees at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Newport News{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} S
hipbuilding That Impending Cuts Put Their Work in Jeopardy. Betty Hazelwood, Right, Was Among the Hundreds in Attendance. (Photographs by Stephen Crowley/the New York Times) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 52. Reduced Spending Would Limit Park Services and Revenue, Interior Secretary Says}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 52 of 90
\par 
\par Reduced Spending Would {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Limit{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Park{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Services and Revenue, Interior Secretary Says
\par Author: Broder, John M
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 26 Feb 2013: A.17.
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\par Abstract: Mr. Salazar's comments and his dire predictions for impacts on the m
illions of visitors to the nation's 398 national parks and 561 wildlife refuges are part of a concerted administration campaign to pressure Congress to cancel the automatic spending cuts known as sequestration and to accept President Obama's demand for ba
lanced deficit reduction including some tax increases. 
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\par Full text: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 -- Mandatory federal spending cuts scheduled to begin Friday are already affecting operations at many of the nation's national parks and wildlife refuges, officials said Monday. Contracts for plowing Tioga and Glacier Point roads in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Yosemite{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}National Park{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname address}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname Street}}Going-to-the-Sun Road{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Glacier{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}National Park{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 have been delayed, pushing back the opening of large parts of those popular parks. Hiring of seasonal workers -- including firefighters, law enforcement officers, search-
and-rescue teams, and maintenance staff members -- has been frozen. Rangers are preparing to close or cut back hours at campgrounds, trails and visitor centers at parks from Cape Cod in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Massachusetts{\*\xmlclose}
 to Denali in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Alaska{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} in anticipation of the across-the-bo
ard budget cuts. Ken Salazar, the interior secretary, did not announce the closing of any parks, monuments or refuges, but said that hours for visitors centers, tours and interpretive programs, like those at the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Gettysburg{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} battlefield, would be curtailed. 
He also said that access to some backcountry trails and campgrounds could be limited if firefighting and rescue teams are cut back. "These are real impacts we're looking at," Mr. Salazar said in a call with reporters on Monday. "The sequester was not supp
o
sed to happen and now we have to implement these reduced numbers in the remaining seven months of the year." Mr. Salazar's comments and his dire predictions for impacts on the millions of visitors to the nation's 398 national parks and 561 wildlife refuge
s
 are part of a concerted administration campaign to pressure Congress to cancel the automatic spending cuts known as sequestration and to accept President Obama's demand for balanced deficit reduction including some tax increases. Mr. Salazar and Jonathan
 
B. Jarvis, director of the National Park Service, used the call to highlight the economic impact of the 280 million annual visits to federally managed lands and the businesses that depend on them. They said the national parks generate $30 billion in econo
m
ic activity and support 252,000 jobs and that some portion of those businesses and those jobs will suffer under the looming cuts. Under the mandatory spending cuts, each park must absorb a 5 percent decrease in its annual budget. But since the sequester b
egins in the middle of the fiscal year, the immediate impact is in effect doubled. Mr. Salazar has announced that he intends to leave office in March to return to his family in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
Colorado{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. President Obama has nominated Sally Jewell, currently the chief execut
ive of the outdoor outfitter REI, to take over the department. Mr. Salazar said that if the cuts take effect as scheduled, the agency will have to temporarily furlough thousands of employees, some for as long as 22 days. He said that federal personnel law
 
requires 30 days' notice of involuntary furloughs, so none will take effect before April 1. He said that he and other officials are now planning such actions. The Interior Department has already warned that the budget cuts will reduce federal revenue by s
l
owing development of oil, gas and coal on federal lands and waters. Mr. Salazar, in a letter earlier this month to Senator Barbara Mikulski, the Maryland Democrat and chairwoman of the Appropriations Committee, said that the required cuts will have seriou
s effects on the nation's prized natural, scientific and tribal resources. Mr. Salazar said that the spending slowdown would delay review of an expected 550 drilling plans for the Gulf of Mexico and permits for seismic testing and air quality in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Alaska{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. He also said that the agency would issue about 300 fewer drilling permits than anticipated this year for oil and gas wells in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Colorado{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New Mexico{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Utah{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Wyoming{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. In addition, delays in coal leasing because of the sequester will cost the federal government
 $50 million to $60 million for each delayed lease sale, Mr. Salazar said. Mr. Salazar also warned that federal mineral revenue sharing payments to state and local governments will decline by more than $200 million and that programs for Native American tr
i
bes would be trimmed by nearly $130 million. Joan Anzelmo, the former superintendent of the Colorado National Monument and spokeswoman for the Coalition of National Park Service Retirees, said that Mr. Salazar and Mr. Jarvis are highlighting the cuts that
 
will be most immediately felt by the public to bring pressure on Congress to call off the sequester. She said that the park service budget has been stagnant for four years while operating costs are rising. Something has to give, she said. "Instead of bein
g focused on getting their jobs done, park managers are all focused on how they're going to implement these cuts," she said in a telephone interview from her home in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Wyoming
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. "It's hurting people, it's hurting communities around the parks, and employees are at a point where they're hitting a wall. This is no way for our government to work." 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 53. G.O.P. Drafts Plan to Give Obama Discretion on Cuts}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 53 of 90
\par 
\par G.O.P. Drafts Plan to Give Obama Discretion on Cuts
\par Author: Weisman, Jonathan; Shear, Michael D
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 26 Feb 2013: A.17.
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\par Abstract: If Congress grants the White House the authority to protect air traffic controllers, Border Patrol agents and national parks, the administration's carefully devised high-pressure campaign tha
t has been mounting for weeks could deflate. [...]the White House would take on the responsibility of deciding which programs to protect and which to expose -- and the political consequences that go with that. 
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\par Full text: WASHINGTON -- Congressional Republicans are preparing to counter increasingly dire war
nings from President Obama about the impact of automatic budget cuts with a plan to give the administration more flexibility in instituting $85 billion in cuts, a proposal they say could protect the most vital programs while shifting more of the political
 
fallout to the White House. The plan is vigorously opposed by the administration, which said Monday that it would do little to soften the blow to military and domestic programs. But it is also dividing Democrats, with lawmakers from the states facing the 
d
eepest cuts signaling that they may be prepared to go along with Republicans if it means avoiding indiscriminate cuts to military programs and social services. With just three days left until the across-the-board cuts called sequestration are scheduled to
 
begin, administration officials continued to describe the consequences in alarming terms, even as there was little evidence of serious negotiations with lawmakers to reach a deal to avoid them. Still, Senator Lindsey Graham, a South Carolina Republican an
d
 a leading defense hawk, appeared to advance the debate on Monday. "This is the chance to do the big deal," he said on CNN. "I'm willing to raise revenue. I'm willing to raise $600 billion in new revenue if my Democratic friends would be willing to reform
 
entitlements, and we can fix sequestration together." Janet Napolitano, the secretary of homeland security, said the automatic cuts would leave the country not as well guarded and less able to meet terrorist threats, and would inconvenience millions of tr
a
velers. Ken Salazar, the interior secretary, warned that campgrounds would close, firefighting efforts would be scaled back and fewer seasonal workers would be hired. "There's always a threat," Ms. Napolitano said. "We are going to do everything we can to
 
minimize that risk. But the sequester makes that very, very tough." Seeking to shift responsibility for the cuts to Mr. Obama and to defang attacks by the White House, Republicans were expected to unveil legislation on Tuesday that they said would mitigat
e
 some of the biggest concerns. The measure would let agencies and departments cull programs that were long ago proved to be ineffective, and would make sure critical federal functions like air traffic control and meat inspection were spared. But White Hou
s
e budget officials are leery. If Congress grants the White House the authority to protect air traffic controllers, Border Patrol agents and national parks, the administration's carefully devised high-pressure campaign that has been mounting for weeks coul
d
 deflate. Moreover, the White House would take on the responsibility of deciding which programs to protect and which to expose -- and the political consequences that go with that. Daniel I. Werfel, the controller of the White House budget office, said tha
t
 if the administration had to cut $2 billion from the Education Department's budget, choosing between children covered by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act or Title I for poor districts is not freedom. "Poor children or children with disabil
i
ties, it's $2 billion in a seven-month period of time," Mr. Werfel said. "The notion that there's these enormous pockets of low-priority activities that we can move this money from -- I don't see it." Jay Carney, the White House spokesman, dismissed the R
e
publican plan, saying that no amount of flexibility could mitigate the damage of the automatic cuts. He said such changes could help only "on the margins." White House officials fear that the legislation would give lawmakers the false sense that they had 
v
oted to take the sting out of cuts that will hurt no matter what flexibility the administration has. "The notion that you're walking away from this without some of the abrupt, significant effects that would occur from the sequester -- in our estimation, i
t
's not true," Mr. Werfel said. The proposal is also opposed by some Republicans who fear that it would give away too much of Congress's authority to say where and how money gets spent. Senator John McCain, Republican of Arizona, condemned it as an unaccep
t
able ceding of Congressional authority. "I say to my Republican friends, if you want to just give the president flexibility as to how to enact these cuts in defense spending, then why don't we go home and just give him the money?" Mr. McCain said Sunday o
n
 CNN. "I am totally opposed to that." Senator Tim Kaine, Democrat of Virginia, pointed out the irony of Republicans wanting to give Mr. Obama more discretion in how he manages the nation's finances. "These guys bash the president nonstop," he said in an i
n
terview. "Then they are going to take the power of the purse and say, 'We are so unable to do our job we are going to give you complete flexibility to do it'? There's an irony there." The showdown is likely to come on Wednesday, when Senate Democrats are 
t
o put to a vote legislation that would cancel this year's automatic, across-the-board cuts and replace them with a $110 billion package of tax increases on incomes over $1 million, the elimination of farm subsidies and military cuts delayed until 2014. Re
p
ublicans had been expected to present their own package to replace the so-called sequestration. Instead, Republican leaders were expected to present the flexibility legislation. Rather than a select set of domestic and military programs facing cuts of 11 
percent to 13 percent, a much broader range of federal programs would face a considerably smaller hit. Don Stewart, a spokesman for Senator Mitch McConnell of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Kentucky
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, the Republican leader, said that the details were not complete, and that no decision had
 been made to subject the largest protected parts of the budget -- Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid and military personnel -- to cuts. But if the whole federal budget is exposed, Mr. Stewart said, the dire warnings issued daily by the White House would
 
quickly lose credibility. "If they can't find 2.4 percent in a $3 trillion budget, we might as well give up," he said. "It's not a Hobson's choice." The Republican legislation, however, may be much more constrained than that, simply codifying the latitude
 
Republicans say the administration already has to shift cuts within an agency or department without exposing more programs to the knife. Senator Mark Warner, Democrat of Virginia, has joined the effort. "I continue to work with my colleagues in urging the
 
White House and Congressional leaders to at least provide enough flexibility for agencies to make more rational budget decisions," Mr. Warner said in a statement. Republicans were also taking steps to show that $85 billion is not hard to find. Senator Tom
 
Coburn of Oklahoma, who was drafting the flexibility bill with two fellow Republicans, Senators Patrick J. Toomey of Pennsylvania and James M. Inhofe of Oklahoma, fired off a letter to the White House budget office pointing to current job openings in the 
g
overnment that could go unfilled: staff assistant at the Labor Department to answer telephones, salary range $51,630 to $81,204; 10 drivers for the State Department, $22.76 to $26.45 an hour; and director for Air Force History and Museum Policies and Prog
r
ams, up to $165,300 a year. "Are any of these positions more important than an air traffic controller, a Border Patrol officer, a food inspector, a T.S.A. screener or a civilian supporting our men and women in combat in Afghanistan?" the senators' letter 
asked the acting White House budget chief, Jeffrey Zients. Photograph President Obama Discussing the Budget Cuts with Governors at the White House On Monday. (Photograph by Stephen Crowley/the New York Times) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 54. The States Get the Bad News}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 54 of 90
\par 
\par The States Get the Bad News
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 26 Feb 2013: A.24.
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\par Abstract: Because the reductions hurt defense programs long held sacrosanct by Republicans, the White House thought it had leverage that would reduce the damage to the domestic programs favored by Democrats. 
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\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: In Kentucky, home of the Senate Republican leader, Mitch McConnell, residents woke up on Monday to news articles like these: Widespread government spending cuts that begin on Friday will cost 21,484 jobs in the state. A construction project at 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Fort{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Knox{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} will come to a halt. Three airports may endure partial shutdowns. Nearly $12 mill
ion in grants to public schools would be cut, putting at risk the jobs of 160 teachers and aides. More than 1,000 children would lose access to Head Start. The White House released warnings for every state on Sunday in the hope that angry voters would bes
i
ege Republican lawmakers like Mr. McConnell and the House speaker, John Boehner, to stop the $85 billion in cuts, known as a sequester. President Obama wants to replace the sequester with a mix of tax increases on the rich and less damaging spending reduc
t
ions. Republicans say they won't consider any proposal that isn't all cuts, so the sequester is all but certain to begin this week. The White House strategy on the sequester was built around a familiar miscalculation about Republicans. It assumed that, in
 
the end, they would be reasonable and negotiate a realistic alternative to indiscriminate cuts. Because the reductions hurt defense programs long held sacrosanct by Republicans, the White House thought it had leverage that would reduce the damage to the d
o
mestic programs favored by Democrats. It turns out, though, that the defense hawks in the party are outnumbered. More Republicans seem to care about reducing spending at all costs, and the prospect of damaging vital government programs does not seem to bo
ther them. "Fiscal questions trump defense in a way they never would have after 9/11," Representative Tom Cole, a Republican of Oklahoma, told The Times. "But the war in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region
}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} is over. Troops are coming home from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, and we want to secure the cuts."
 Cuts this draconian have no place in a tottering economy. But, realistically, the only way to break this standoff is for the cuts to exact their toll on daily life, causing Republicans to face pressure from the public to negotiate an alternative plan wit
h higher revenues in March as part of talks to finance the government for the final six months of the fiscal year. The details the White House released over the weekend are eye-opening. In {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, Mr. Boehner's home state, the cuts could cost 30,000 jobs. An 8 percent cut in federal research grants "would probably bring us to our knees," said Dr. Thomas Boat, dean of the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}University{\*\xmlclose} of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Cincinnati{\*\xmlclose}'s {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}College{\*\xmlclose} of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Medicine{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, according to The Cincinnati Enquirer. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 would lose $42.7 million in education aid, acc
ording to the White House, putting at risk nearly 600 jobs for teachers and their aides. About 12,000 civilian defense workers would be furloughed, and there would be big cuts to grants for law enforcement, job training, child care, public health and envi
r
onmental protection. The White House should have released these kinds of details months ago, when there was more time to make a strong case to the public against these cuts. Instead, administration officials failed to discuss the consequences, fearing pol
itical blame while confidently predicting the Republicans would cave. The result of that miscalculation -- and of the Republican disdain for the health of the economy and those who depend on government services -- will become clearer in just a few days. 

\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 55. As Budget Cuts Loom on the Horizon}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 55 of 90
\par 
\par As Budget Cuts Loom on the Horizon
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 26 Feb 2013: A.24.
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\par Abstract: None available.
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\par Full text: To the Editor: Your report about alarm by state governments over looming federal budget cuts included in sequestration reflects a stunning hypocrisy by many Republican governors ("Fear of U.S. Cuts
 Grows in States Where Aid Flows," front page, Feb. 23). Now they bemoan sequestration. But they were elected on a Tea Party platform of no compromise, no revenues, no balance -- the very platform that led to sequestration. They were enablers and endorser
s
 of a ruinous strategy, and now that the strategy is affecting their states, they blame everyone but themselves. House Democrats have and will continue to support balanced compromise involving reduced spending, additional revenues and targeted investments
 
in the job-creating infrastructure many Republican governors now fear losing. Memo to Republican governors: Stop issuing news releases and instead pick up the phone, call the Republicans in your Congressional delegations and urge them to negotiate and com
promise. STEVE ISRAEL Huntington, N.Y., Feb. 23, 2013 The writer, who represents {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's Third District in the House, heads the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee. To the Editor: As your article correctly details, the across-the-board cuts to fe
deral discretionary and military spending scheduled to take effect on Friday, March 1, will affect every corner of our country. Some states will lose a substantial amount of their income from the federal government, those with large military contractors w
i
ll face devastating cuts, agricultural services will be curtailed, and with the loss of air traffic controllers and gate security personnel, flying will become a nightmare. Local loss of financing to states and municipalities will cause layoffs of police 
o
fficers, firefighters, teachers and road maintenance crews. But maybe short-term cuts might not be such a bad idea. Then all those Tea Party types who so loudly declare that they don't want their hard-earned tax dollars going to "them" will learn that the
y
 are on the receiving end of lots of hard-earned tax dollars coming from "them." ARTHUR L. YEAGER Edison, N.J., Feb. 23, 2013 To the Editor: Sequestration was apparently formulated to define spending cuts so widespread and arbitrary that they would force 
a
 more reasoned deal -- in other words, enacting legislation so bad that it would inevitably lead to better legislation. Such a tactic would be reckless in the best of times. In this environment of political intransigence, it exemplifies dysfunctional gove
r
nment at its worst. ARNIE MORI Fairport, N.Y., Feb. 24, 2013 To the Editor: Both parties agree that the sequester will have a damaging effect. It also seems to be one of the only acts of Congress that will actually be carried out. Must we conclude that Co
ngress, by its own admission, has become an institution that actively harms the country? Makes one long for the days when it was merely ineffectual! {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname address}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname Street}}DAVID MARTYN St.
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Paul, Feb. 23, 2013 Illustration Drawing (Drawing by Alain Pilon) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 56. Our Second Adolescence}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 56 of 90
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 57. Threat of Cuts Intensifies The Air Travel Headache}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 57 of 90
\par 
\par Threat of Cuts Intensifies The Air Travel Headache
\par Author: Sharkey, Joe
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 26 Feb 2013: B.6.
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\par Abstract: Whatever the immediate impact, those warning flares from Mr. LaHood do illuminate a landscape where business travelers and company travel managers are already feeling uneasy, given the uncertainty about rising pri
ces and continuing capacity cuts that have been reducing airline service in smaller markets. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.edu/sfx_gatech?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&ge
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\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: I'M not foolhardy enough to venture guesses about what, if anything, may happen in Congress this week as the deadline for deep spending cuts looms on Friday. But there is the prospect of significant effects on air travel. I
n recent days, Ray LaHood, the transportation secretary, has been warning that the budget cuts would create major disruptions in air travel. He said, for instance, that staff furloughs at the Federal Aviation Administration could force the closing of 100 
a
ir traffic control centers, and the elimination of overnight shifts at 60 others, in small and midsize markets. In an interview Monday on MSNBC, Mr. LaHood insisted that his comments were meant as "warning flares" about the effects of threatened cuts. No 
o
ne, incidentally, is predicting immediate widespread disruptions if Congress allows those cuts to take effect on Friday. "While the F.A.A. is using words like shuttered and furloughed, it is unlikely transportation will go into an immediate worst-case sce
n
ario," said Greeley Koch, the executive director of the Association of Corporate Travel Executives. "But with the economy showing some signs of life, the last thing you would want to do is stop or reverse the process by having the F.A.A. restrict air trav
e
l," he added. Whatever the immediate impact, those warning flares from Mr. LaHood do illuminate a landscape where business travelers and company travel managers are already feeling uneasy, given the uncertainty about rising prices and continuing capacity 
c
uts that have been reducing airline service in smaller markets. "The most frustrated folks right now are business travelers, who expect a certain amount of predictability going through the system," said Geoff Freeman, the chief operating officer of the U.
S
. Travel Association. With the possibility of increased waiting times at airport security, where furloughs would also occur, business travelers and corporate managers might cut back on planned trips "in a travel process that's already pushed to the brink.
"
 He added, "Travel could very easily become the face of the sequester." One of the immediate effects of reduced operations at the F.A.A. would probably be felt in regional air service, or the vital connections between midsize and small airports and big ci
t
y hubs. The budget standoff is "an irresponsible game of chicken, with no winners," said Roger Cohen, the president of the Regional Airline Association. Cutbacks in smaller markets would create "delays and missed connections at the major hubs, such as Chi
cago O'Hare, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Houston{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Philadelphia{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Detroit{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Minneapolis
{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}'s La Guardia and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Newark{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, and Washington Reagan, each where regional airlines account for more than half the daily flights," he said. Airlines would also probably further reduce flights in th
ose feeder markets. Major furloughs in the ranks of air traffic controllers "will undoubtedly have a negative effect on capacity," according to the National Air Traffic Controllers Association. "Airlines will have fewer flights, and fewer passengers will 
f
ly," the group said in a statement. If travel cuts occur, airlines will do everything they can to protect operations at the big hubs where most of their revenue is generated, including for international flights. Dan Elwell, the senior vice president for s
afety, security and operations at Airlines for {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, the domestic airlines' trade association, said that it was too early to speculate on how airlines might adjust to possible cutbacks. Will airlines begin to triage already reduced service in the regiona
l markets to keep the hubs functioning efficiently?"We fully expect to get details," as the budget showdown approaches, Mr. Elwell said. "We have a team that works full time at the national command center of the F.A.A., and they're in place for anything t
h
at could arise." For their part, travel managers who need to plan well ahead are deeply concerned, said Mr. Koch of the Association of Corporate Travel Executives. "Dire warnings of 90-minute delays at major airports and limited or no services at regional
 airports are being evaluated by travel management executives around the world today," he said, noting that if cuts did occur, "international travel headed to the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} will suffer, too." Mr. Freeman, at the U.S. Travel Association, predicted that t
here would be "a lot of frustrated travelers" if the cuts occurred. Frustration with airline service cutbacks, as well as airport security and customs hassles, "is already the biggest issue we face as an industry when it comes to growth," he said. "The fa
c
t is that air travel is already widely considered by many people to be a pain in the fill-in-the-blank." Even without the aggravating effects of budget cuts, the costs of air travel are mounting, especially as airlines struggle with fuel prices that are e
x
pected to rise to record average levels this year. In a recent report, the Global Business Travel Association said buyers "expect travel prices to increase substantially in 2013, from 4.6 percent for domestic economy airfare to 8.3 percent for internation
a
l economy airfare." Those expectations are already starting to be realized. Late last week, the major airlines began a round of price increases for trips booked within seven days of departure -- the sort of fares "that are typically flown by business trav
elers," said Rick Seaney, the chief executive of FareCompare.com. AuthorAffiliation JOE SHARKEY jsharkey@nytimes.com Illustration Drawing (Drawing by Chris Gash) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 58. Quotation of the Day}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 58 of 90
\par 
\par Quotation of the Day
\par Full text: "Fiscal questions trump defense in a way they never would have after 9/11. But the war in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 is over. Troops are coming home from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, and we want to secure the cuts." REPRESENTATIVE TOM COLE, R
epublican of Oklahoma, on the willingness of many Republicans to accept sharp spending cuts to defense programs in the so-called sequester. 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 59. As Governors Meet, White House Outlines Drop in Aid to States}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 59 of 90
\par 
\par As Governors Meet, White House Outlines Drop in Aid to States
\par Author: Pear, Robert
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 25 Feb 2013: A.10.
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\par Abstract: Cabinet officers sounded the alarm on television talk shows, and their concerns resonated with state officials, who were in town for the winter meeting of the National Governors Association. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
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\par Full text: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 -- In an effort to put pressure on Congressional Republicans, the White House warned on Sunday that automatic budget cuts scheduled to take effect this week would have a devastating impact on programs for people of all ages in every state. Cabine
t officers sounded the alarm on television talk shows, and their concerns resonated with state officials, who were in town for the winter meeting of the National Governors Association. Daniel I. Werfel, the controller of President Obama's budget office, h
e
ld an unusual Sunday briefing to catalog the effects of the cuts state by state. He and Jason Furman, the principal deputy director of the National Economic Council, said they were not exaggerating the damage that would be done. In place of the across-the
-
board cuts, known as sequestration, Mr. Obama wants Congress to agree to what he calls a "balanced plan." The plan includes cuts in selected domestic programs, savings in certain benefit programs and additional tax revenue collected from some corporations
 
and high-income people. The conflict is shaping up as a real-world test of the importance and value of the federal government. Democrats expressed confidence that Americans would feel the impact of an $85 billion cut in a $3.5 trillion budget, while Repub
l
icans insisted that they would not accept new taxes on top of those signed into law by Mr. Obama last month. The White House intensified its campaign just as Congress was returning to work this week and some governors were expressing anguish over the impa
ct of the impending automatic cuts in federal spending. "We don't do across-the-board cuts in state government, and it's a stupid idea in the federal government," said Gov. Dannel P. Malloy of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Connecticut{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, a Democrat. But Gov. Dave Heineman of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Nebraska{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, a R
epublican, said in an interview: "The White House is engaged in scare tactics. Every governor in this country knows how to cut their budget by 2 or 3 percent, and the White House ought to learn how to do it." "The sequester is not the best way to do it," 
Mr. Heineman added. "We need greater flexibility in that process. But it's hard for me to believe that {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 is going to be devastated by the federal government cutting its budget 2 or 3 percent. That's a bunch of malarkey." Another Republican, Gov. Tom Corbett of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Pennsylvania
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, said in an interview, "The White House is in a campaign mode of trying to scare everybody, rather than sitting down with Congress and working out what the solution is to the budget." State-by-state estimates of the impact of federal
 policies have been a staple of White House efforts to mobilize public opinion for more than 20 years. In its report Sunday, the White House described how the budget cuts would hit states, with an emphasis on jobs lost. "{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} will lose approximately $25.1 million in funding for primary and secondary education, putting around 350 teacher and aide jobs at risk," the White House said. "In 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Georgia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, around 4,180 fewer children will receive vaccines for diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella, tetanus, whooping 
cough, influenza and hepatitis B due to reduced funding for vaccinations of about $286,000. "{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Pennsylvania{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 could lose up to $271,000 in funds that provide services to victims of domestic violence, resulting in up to 1,000 fewer victims being served. In {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Texas{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}
, approximately 52,000 civilian Department of Defense employees would be furloughed, reducing gross pay by around $274.8 million in total." In addition, the White House said, many of the nation's 398 national parks would be partly or fully closed. On Frid
ay, the administration said, $85 billion in cuts will automatically begin to take effect, with many domestic programs facing reductions of 9 percent and some military programs being reduced by 13 percent in the remaining seven months of the federal fiscal
 year. Appearing Sunday on the CBS program "Face the Nation," Gov. Martin O'Malley of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Maryland{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, a Democrat, described the cuts as a threat to the economy. "These are job-killing cuts, and we have to find a way to avoid them," Mr. O'Malley said. "We cannot c
ut our way to prosperity. We need a balanced approach to continue our jobs recovery." Dan Pfeiffer, a senior adviser to Mr. Obama, portrayed the Republicans as willful and obstinate. "Republicans have decided they want the sequester to go into effect," Mr
.
 Pfeiffer said in a conference call with journalists. "They have decided that they are not open to compromise, that these cuts should happen, that these cuts are better for the country, better for 100,000 Americans to lose their jobs. It's better for peop
l
e to wait in longer lines at airports; it's better for kids to get kicked out of Head Start than to close a few loopholes that benefit the wealthy. That's the choice they've made." Mr. Pfeiffer said Republicans were undermining their own long-term goal of
 
deficit reduction because "they don't want to give the president the win of additional revenue." Republicans say the tax changes proposed by the president would stifle economic growth. Sean M. Spicer, a spokesman for the Republican National Committee, sai
d
 Republicans agreed that "the sequester is not the right way to control federal spending." But he described the White House report on the state-by-state impact as "a public relations stunt." In deciding how to carry out the cuts, Mr. Werfel said, agencies
 
have only "limited flexibility." "There are constraints to what an agency can do in taking this across-the-board $85 billion cut," Mr. Werfel said. "The way the law is written, it has to be taken from a percentage cut from every program, project and activ
i
ty." Under the Budget Control Act of 2011, which created the latest version of the sequester, some programs, like Medicaid and food stamps, are exempt from the automatic cuts, and cuts in Medicare payments cannot exceed 2 percent. Social Security benefits
 
would not be cut. But the White House said that the automatic budget cuts would force the agency to "curtail service to the public," and that the backlog of Social Security disability claims would increase. Photograph A Meeting of Governors in Washington 
O
n Sunday, Coinciding with White House Budget Warnings, Included Gov. Scott Walker of Wisconsin, Second From Right.; Gov. Bob Mcdonnell of Virginia Entering a National Governors Association Session On Sunday. (Photographs by Christopher Gregory/the New Yor
k Times) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 60. In Impasse, New York Would Face Steep Cuts}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 60 of 90
\par 
\par In Impasse, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Would Face Steep Cuts
\par Author: Hernandez, Raymond
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 25 Feb 2013: A.10.
\par }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.library.gatech.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1311766837?accountid=11107}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
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\par Abstract: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}New York{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New Jersey{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Connecticut{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 face steep 
reductions in federal aid for education, childhood vaccinations, military operations, environmental protection and other programs if President Obama and Congress fail to reach agreement on a plan to avert a looming series of across-the-board cuts in spend
ing. 
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w%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-02-25&volume=&issue=&spage=A.10&au=Hernandez,%20Raymond&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3958249\charrsid14688761 {\*\datafield 
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\cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose} -- {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}New York{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New Jersey{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Connecticut{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} face steep reduc
tions in federal aid for education, childhood vaccinations, military operations, environmental protection and other programs if President Obama and Congress fail to reach agreement on a plan to avert a looming series of across-the-board cuts in spending. 
N
ationwide, $85 billion in cuts will automatically go into effect on Friday, with many domestic programs facing reductions of as much as 9 percent and military programs being reduced by 13 percent over the rest of the federal fiscal year. For New York, New
 
Jersey and Connecticut, that means reductions totaling hundreds of millions of dollars to popular programs, according to a state-by-state document that the White House released on Sunday in an effort to apply pressure on Congressional Republicans as both 
s
ides appear to be deadlocked over how to avert the automatic cuts, known as sequester. Some of the biggest reductions will be to financing for primary and secondary education, with New York set to lose about $42 million, New Jersey nearly $12 million and 
C
onnecticut nearly $9 million. The cuts, according to the White House's estimate, would jeopardize nearly 900 teaching and classroom aide positions in all three states. Steep cuts would also be made to environmental programs, including those aimed at maint
aining water and air quality. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose} would see its environmental financing cut by nearly $13 million, while {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New Jersey{\*\xmlclose}
 would lose about $5 million and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Connecticut{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} $2 million. The three states would also face nearly $1 million in curtailments to programs p
roviding vaccinations to children against diseases like mumps, rubella, tetanus, measles, whooping cough, hepatitis B and influenza. If enacted, the cutbacks would mean that 12,670 fewer children would be receiving vaccinations in all three states, accord
ing to the White House estimate. The reductions would affect military installations in all three states. Roughly 11,000 civilian Department of Defense employees would be furloughed in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New Jersey{\*\xmlclose}
, 12,000 in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose} and 3,000 in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Connecticut{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. The furloughs co
uld amount to about $151 million in lost pay, according to the administration's estimate. Programs providing meals for older people would also be hit. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}New York{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
New Jersey{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Connecticut{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} would face about $2.1 million in cuts to such programs, the White House estimated. 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Connecticut{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 would lose $1.1 million from programs that help find jobs for unemployed people. The White House estimates that the decrease would mean that nearly 15,000 unemployed individuals would go without this service. Democra
ts had hoped that the prospect of the reductions -- particularly to the Pentagon -- would force Republicans into accepting a deal that would include specific spending cuts and tax increases. Yet Republicans have signaled that they have no interest in acce
p
ting tax increases, even if that means allowing the automatic cuts to go into effect. Many Republicans say that they already made significant concessions in the area of taxes during the last budget standoff, when their party agreed to $600 billion in tax 
increases as part of a deal struck on New Year's Eve. 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 61. Defense and the Sequester}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 61 of 90
\par 
\par Defense and the Sequester
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 25 Feb 2013: A.16.
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\par Abstract: [...]the howls in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} from the Pentagon chieftains and their ardent Congressional supporters. 
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\par Full text: The arbitrary budget cuts known as the sequester will exact a toll on not only domestic programs but military spending as well. Hence the howls in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} from the Pentagon chieftains and their ardent Congressional supporters. But the truth is that the military budget not only can be cut, but should be cut, though not with this kind of 
political machete and not in the way the service chiefs say they plan to wield it. If and when the sequester comes into play on March 1, it will force cuts totaling $85 billion in discretionary government spending over the next seven months. This includes
 
$43 billion from defense programs, or 8 percent. Over the next 10 years, defense cuts are supposed to total $500 billion. In recent weeks, Pentagon officials and military commanders have warned of catastrophic consequences, using the most operatic termino
logy they can find -- "dire" and "devastating" cuts will reduce {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's military machine to a "hollow force" -- to dramatize their point. Troops will be insufficiently trained and equipped, and thus be at greater risk of losing their lives if deployed to 
a conflict zone. Two carrier strike groups won't be deployed as planned. The Navy will be forced to shut down four air wings, and after 90 days, pilots will lose their certifications and have to be retrained. The list goes on. Some of this is plainly hype
.
 Both the generals and the civilians in the Pentagon know that some cuts are possible and that even under the sequester American security need not be compromised. The military has many resources, and in some respects it is over-resourced. Important budget
a
ry accounts -- military pay and benefits -- are exempted from the sequester and, according to experts, the Pentagon has more flexibility than is commonly understood to weather these reductions. In a memo to lawmakers this month, Amy Belasco, a defense spe
c
ialist with the Congressional Research Service, concluded that the services would retain some discretion to shift funds to critically needed accounts. She said that some key programs -- aircraft for the Air Force and tracked vehicles for the Army, for ins
t
ance -- would actually be financed at levels above the Pentagon's original request in part because Congress increased some funding in the 2013 spending bill. And she suggested that commanders are planning to cut readiness about twice as much as they need 
t
o and would be better off spreading the reductions within operations and maintenance accounts. If the Pentagon is ill prepared to deal with the sequester, it is to some extent a self-inflicted wound. Military leaders assumed the sequester would never happ
e
n and refused to mitigate its effects in advance. The Pentagon also does itself no favor by continuing to throw money at troubled weapons. As for the sequester's impact on defense contractors, experts say the contractors have long known military spending 
w
as on the decline and built that into their projections. Production backlogs resulting from past contracts are also expected to cushion the effect. After 9/11, the Pentagon was handed a virtual blank check and its base budget soared from $397 billion in 2
0
01 to $557 billion in 2013. Spending is expected to decline in real terms this year, but after that it will rise slightly, even if the sequester takes effect, experts say. By some calculations, President Obama will still spend more on defense than most po
stwar presidents. The Pentagon needs to focus on shaping the force for new threats. Now that the wars in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} are ending, it also needs to make reforms and rein in spending. Flexible reductions would obviously be preferable to the abrupt and
 mandated cuts of a sequester. But the Pentagon can absorb even that with prudence and good management. 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 62. Fault-Finding Grows Intense As Cuts Near}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 62 of 90
\par 
\par Fault-Finding Grows Intense As Cuts Near
\par Author: Calmes, Jackie
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 24 Feb 2013: A.1.
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\par Abstract: First the White House and Congress created a potential fiscal crisis, agreeing more than a year ago to once-unthinkable governmentwide spending cuts in 2013 unless the two parties agreed to alternative ways to reduce 
budget deficits. Are they really willing to slash military health care and the Border Patrol just because they refuse to eliminate tax breaks for big oil companies?" For Republicans, who oppose any tax increases, Mr. Hoeven countered: "He blames Congress 
for the sequester, but Bob Woodward, in his book 'The Price of Politics' sets the record straight. 
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core&atitle=Fault-Finding%20Grows%20Intense%20As%20Cuts%20Near:%20%5BNational%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-02-24&volume=&issue=&spage=A.1&au=Calmes,%20Jackie&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{
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\cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 -- First the White House and Congress created a potential fiscal crisis, agreeing more than a year ago to once-unthinkable governmentwide spending cuts in 2013 unless the two parties agreed to alternative ways to reduce budget de
ficits. Now that those cuts are imminent -- because compromise is not -- they have created one of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's odder blame games over just whose bad idea this was. The battle lines over cuts that are scheduled to begin on Friday, known in budget parlance a
s sequestration, were evident on Saturday in President Obama's weekly address and the Republican response, by Senator John Hoeven of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}North Dakota{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. "Unfortunately, it appears that Republicans in Congress have decided that instead of compromising, instead of
 asking anything of the wealthiest Americans, they would rather let these cuts fall squarely on the middle class," said Mr. Obama, who proposed a substitute mix of spending cuts and revenues from repealing some tax breaks for wealthy people and corporatio
n
s. He added: "Are Republicans in Congress really willing to let these cuts fall on our kids' schools and mental health care just to protect tax loopholes for corporate jet owners? Are they really willing to slash military health care and the Border Patrol
 
just because they refuse to eliminate tax breaks for big oil companies?" For Republicans, who oppose any tax increases, Mr. Hoeven countered: "He blames Congress for the sequester, but Bob Woodward, in his book 'The Price of Politics' sets the record stra
i
ght. Woodward says it was President Obama who proposed -- and promoted -- the sequester." What makes this debate over blame so odd is that both sides' fingerprints -- and votes -- are all over the sequestration concept. The point of sequestration, in fact
,
 was to define cuts that were so arbitrary and widespread that they would be unpalatable to both sides and force a deal. That won Republicans' support for increasing the government's debt limit in 2011, and averted the nation's first default. The Republic
a
n-led House and Democratic-led Senate each passed the accord overwhelmingly, and Mr. Obama gladly signed it. The idea for sequestration did come from the White House, as news accounts made clear at the time. Jacob J. Lew, then Mr. Obama's budget director 
a
nd now his nominee for Treasury secretary, was the main proponent. Mr. Lew, who was a senior adviser to the House speaker in the 1980s, lifted language from a 1985 law he helped negotiate, the Gramm-Rudman law. It was conceived by two Republican senators 
t
o be "a sword of Damocles," poised to strike both parties unless they compromised on deficit reduction. The law was ruled unconstitutional, and afterward, the Democratic-controlled Congress and President Ronald Reagan enacted a modified version, which res
u
lted in relatively minor cuts until 1990. That year, the law's call for much larger cuts in the face of growing deficits helped force Congress and President George Bush to negotiate spending cuts and tax increases widely credited with contributing to bala
n
ced budgets later that decade. Fast-forward to the summer of 2011. Mr. Obama and Congressional Republicans, once again facing deficits, were able to agree to nearly $1 trillion in reductions over a decade in "discretionary" spending programs, which cover 
j
ust about everything the government does except the entitlement benefit programs like Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security. But they could not agree on the final $1.2 trillion. The president demanded that that amount come from higher taxes on the wealth
y
 and some reductions in entitlement spending. Republicans insisted on entitlement cuts only. So both parties started negotiating for a trigger, as they called it -- an undesirable, automatic action that would slash deficits if Democrats and Republicans co
u
ld not. Mr. Obama and Democrats wanted a trigger mandating automatic spending cuts and tax increases; Republicans insisted on spending cuts only. Democrats conceded, and that is when Mr. Lew -- along with Gene Sperling, director of Mr. Obama's National Ec
o
nomic Council -- proposed the Gramm-Rudman sequestration. Given that law's Republican parentage, the Obama advisers figured this kind of trigger would appeal to Republicans, and it did. Speaker John A. Boehner and three-quarters of House Republicans voted
 
for the agreement. To use Mr. Hoeven's word, both parties "promoted" their compromise, including sequestration. Mr. Boehner said he had gotten "98 percent" of what he wanted. Their bipartisan thinking was this: Republicans would so badly want to avoid cut
t
ing military spending that they would accept some tax increases. And Democrats would be so eager to avoid cuts in domestic programs, they would drop their opposition to reductions in Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security. It has not worked out that way. 
T
he blame game actually started last year. Republicans, including their presidential nominee, Mitt Romney, blamed Mr. Obama for the looming military cuts. The president typically described sequestration as easily avoidable with compromise, but in a debate 
w
ith Mr. Romney he seemed to disown the idea altogether. "The sequester is not something that I've proposed," he said. "It is something that Congress has proposed. It will not happen." At that time, Republicans and Democrats generally assumed that sequestr
a
tion would not happen because they would reach a compromise. But that was before Republicans angered their conservative base in January, by acquiescing to a tax law that raised rates on high incomes. Now they refuse to consider further revenue increases, 
a
nd many want the sequestration cuts to take effect. As this weekend arrived, Republicans were circulating a column by Mr. Woodward published online by The Washington Post on Friday, in which he wrote that Mr. Obama was "moving the goal posts" from what he
 
had agreed to in the summer of 2011 by insisting that a sequestration substitute have tax increases as well as entitlement-spending reductions. "Moving goal posts?" the White House press secretary, Jay Carney, wrote in a Twitter message in response, addin
g
 that 40 House Republicans in November 2011 signed a letter supporting new revenues as part of a deal. Mr. Carney suggested in a later Twitter message that Mr. Woodward was "willfully wrong." Mr. Obama vowed from the day he announced the agreement 19 mont
h
s ago that he would insist on "a balanced approach" that cut entitlement spending and raised revenues by overhauling tax breaks. "Everything will be on the table," he said. The 2011 agreement left unspecified how to achieve the additional $1.2 trillion in
 
deficit reduction over 10 years. That fall a so-called supercommittee considered revenue increases totaling $300 billion in a Republican plan, $800 billion in Democrats' offer. With the super-committee's failure, Mr. Obama and Congress had a year to seek 
the elusive "grand bargain." 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 63. Hard Budget Realities As Agencies Prepare To Detail Reductions}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 63 of 90
\par 
\par Hard Budget Realities As Agencies Prepare To Detail Reductions
\par Author: Weisman, Jonathan; Lowrey, Annie
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 24 Feb 2013: A.18.
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\par Abstract: [...]the cuts will not affect Social Security or Medicaid, and the Medicare cuts total only about $11 billion in the 2013 fiscal year, which ends Sept. 30, according to calculations by the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Bipartisan{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Policy{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. [...]entitlemen
t spending, which poses the biggest long-term challenge to the federal budget, accounts for only a sliver of the cuts. 
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\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 -- In the first week of March, a laid-off person living on $300 a week in unemployment benefits is liable to find a surprise in the mailbox: notification from U
ncle Sam that come April the check will be $33 lighter. "Sequestration," that arcane budget term consuming {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 in recent weeks, is about to move from political abstraction to objective reality for tens of millions of Americans. Barring an extremely 
unlikely last-minute deal, about $85 billion is set to be cut from military, domestic and certain health care programs beginning Friday. Much of the government will be immune, only magnifying the cuts for the rest. If they are not reversed, federal spendi
n
g at the discretion of Congress will eventually fall to a new five-decade low. Cuts of even larger size are scheduled to take effect every year over the next 10, signaling an era of government austerity. By the end of this week, federal agencies will noti
f
y governors, private contractors, grant recipients and other stakeholders of the dollars they would be about to lose. As of March 1, the Treasury Department will immediately trim subsidies for clean energy projects, school construction, state and local in
f
rastructure projects and some small-business health insurance subsidies. Nearly two million people who have been out of work for more than six months could see unemployment payments drop by 11 percent in checks that arrive in late March or the first days 
of April, according to the White House budget office, an average of $132 a month. Doctors who treat Medicare patients will see cuts to their reimbursements. If the stalemate in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}
 continues, furloughs and layoffs will probably begin in April, starting largely in the 800,000-member civilian work force of the Defense Department and then rippling across the country, from meat inspectors in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Iowa
{\*\xmlclose} to teachers in rural {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New Mexico{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. "If they hit me with a $3 million cut in March, I'm not sure what I'm going t
o do," said Raymond R. Arsenault, the superintendent of the Gallup-McKinley County Schools, a district that serves primarily Navajo students on the Arizona-New Mexico border. Mr. Arsenault's school system would be hit much harder than most because 35 perc
e
nt of his $100 million annual budget comes from federal education "impact aid" to offset the large tracts of land that are owned by Washington and therefore not subject to taxation. Of that, $3 million may be about to disappear. The sequester involves tri
m
ming $85 billion from a $3.6 trillion annual federal budget, or about 2.4 percent. But the cuts will not affect Social Security or Medicaid, and the Medicare cuts total only about $11 billion in the 2013 fiscal year, which ends Sept. 30, according to calc
ulations by the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Bipartisan{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Policy{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}. Thus, entitlement spending, which poses the biggest long-term challenge to the federal budget, accounts for only a sliver of the cuts. That leaves more than $70 billion in cuts to be applied over the next seven mont
hs to the roughly two-fifths of the budget that is devoted to discretionary spending, including the military, education and dozens of other categories. In a matter of weeks the cuts would cascade through the government, delaying snow removal on the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Tioga{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Pass{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Yosemite{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}National Park
{\*\xmlclose}, for example, and keeping an aircraft carrier battle group docked in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Norfolk{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Va.{\*\xmlclose}, rather than steaming through the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Persian Gulf{\*\xmlclose}. "The cut is so big and over such a short period of time that there's no way to avoid all the ope
rational and program harms," said Daniel I. Werfel, controller of the White House budget office. These cuts would probably not be confined to 2013. Even if President Obama manages to persuade Congress to raise new revenue, he has said he would replace onl
y
 half of the spending cuts with tax increases, in essence accepting a half-trillion dollars in cuts over 10 years. That would be on top of more than $1 trillion in cuts already enacted by the Budget Control Act, which created the sequester in 2011 as part
 
of a deal to raise the country's statutory borrowing limit. A comprehensive deficit-reduction deal, which is currently moribund but is still both Congress and the White House's stated goal, might mitigate the impact by including fast-growing programs like
 
Medicare and Medicaid in the cuts. But belt-tightening, for now, appears to be the new normal. In private, Capitol Hill staff members and members of Congress have admitted that there are no viable plans on the horizon to delay or offset the cuts. At best,
 
Congress might be able to pass a bill giving agencies more discretion in carrying out the budget cuts. But that is opposed by the White House because officials fear that such a change would give lawmakers a false sense that they had done much to ease the 
p
ain of the cuts, when in fact, budget officials say, little would have changed. That means that as of Friday, dozens of federal agencies must start bringing their budgets down to reduced levels by the end of the fiscal year. Given how much they have to cu
t
, White House budget officials said, they will have no choice but to start the reductions immediately. The worst hit by far would be the Defense Department, which is already absorbing a $500 billion budget cut over 10 years agreed to in 2011 and is operat
ing under a temporary spending agreement even as it draws down the war in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. Military personnel are exempted from furloughs, but civilian personnel are not, so the Pentagon is preparing to put hundreds of thousands of civilian workers on notice th
at they might lose 22 days of work this year. "We have long argued that the responsible way to implement reductions in defense spending is to formulate a strategy first and then develop a budget that supports the strategy," Ashton B. Carter, the deputy se
c
retary of defense, told Congress this month. Sequestration "would achieve precisely the opposite effect by imposing arbitrary budget cuts that then drive changes in national security strategy." Throughout the government, the cuts would hit certain program
s
 particularly hard without touching others. The National Institutes of Health, for instance, would need to cut about 5 percent of its annual budget in just seven months, meaning hundreds fewer research grants, said Kathleen Sebelius, the health secretary.
 
Money for food safety inspection and air traffic controllers would also be cut. Roughly 600,000 low-income women and children would stop receiving food aid. The Interior Department would issue 300 fewer leases for oil and gas production in Western states.
 
NASA plans to cancel six technology development projects, including deep-space communications. National parks would close or curtail operations in their visitor centers, affecting hundreds of thousands of travelers. The transportation secretary, Ray LaHoo
d
, said on Friday that flights to major cities could be delayed by as much as 90 minutes because fewer air traffic controllers would be on the job. Most Education Department programs are already fully financed for the current school year, so the big cuts w
o
uld not occur until next September. But "impact aid," which goes to school districts with untaxed federal lands, is paid during the school year and will be affected immediately. Budget experts said the dollar amount of the cuts might not be devastating to
 
government operations or to the economy, particularly if agencies had discretion in how they carried them out. "Can we survive this? Of course we can. It's a $16 trillion economy," said Douglas Holtz-Eakin, a former director of the Congressional Budget Of
f
ice. "Cutting wisely, not stupidly, is a good idea. We've got what everybody thinks is a stupid way to cut." In some cases, small cuts can take big tolls. Because meat and poultry plants cannot operate without federal inspectors on site at all times, one 
f
urloughed inspector would shut down an entire plant. Alarmed, J. Patrick Boyle, the president of the American Meat Institute, sent a letter on Feb. 11 to Mr. Obama asserting that keeping inspectors home would violate federal law. "I respectfully request t
h
at, in the event of sequestration, U.S.D.A. meat and poultry inspectors not be furloughed so that the secretary of agriculture can fulfill his statutory obligations," he wrote. But the request, Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack replied, would run counter 
t
o the legal requirement he faces under sequestration. Chart Where the Cuts Will Come From: Beginning March 1, Automatic Spending Cuts Known As "Sequestration" Are Set to Hit, Trimming $85 Billion From the 2013 Fiscal Year Budget and Even More From Each An
nual Budget for the Next Decade. Some Areas Will Be Hit Harder Than Others, As Many Programs Are Exempt From the Cuts. (Source: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Bipartisan{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Policy{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Calculations) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 64. White House Uses Air Delays As Budget Prod}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 64 of 90
\par 
\par White House Uses Air Delays As Budget Prod
\par Author: Weisman, Jonathan; Shear, Michael D
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 23 Feb 2013: A.1.
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\par Abstract: Mr. LaHood, a former Republican congressman who was drafted as a spokesman partly because of his experience in dealing with Republ
icans on Capitol Hill, announced at the White House that $600 million in cuts to the Federal Aviation Administration would shut down more than 100 air traffic control towers at small airports in places like Joplin, Mo., and Boca Raton, Fla. 
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Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-02-23&volume=&issue=&spage=A.1&au=Weisman,%20Jonathan;Shear,%20Michael%20D&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3958249\charrsid14688761 {\*\datafield 
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276300000000a5ab00000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: WASHINGTON -- The White House on Friday warned of potentially sever
e disruptions in air travel if across-the-board spending cuts take effect in less than a week as President Obama intensified pressure on Congressional Republicans to entertain spending reductions and tax increases to avoid furloughing federal workers and 
l
imiting services. The focus on what Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood said was the high likelihood of cascading flight delays and closed towers at smaller airports showed that the Obama administration believed that the threat of widespread travel proble
m
s could sway the public and encourage voters to force Republicans to the bargaining table. At the same time, though, Mr. Obama privately told Democratic governors that his public campaign against Republicans was not producing results, as the two sides rem
a
ined far apart. In a session at the White House complex, the president and Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. tried to enlist the Democratic governors to reach out to their Republican counterparts at a National Governors Association meeting this weekend t
o
 push Congressional leaders to the table. The Democratic governors said Mr. Obama expressed extreme frustration and short-term pessimism that Republicans would accept any plan with new federal revenue. "What he was saying is, 'There's nothing that I can d
o to get these folks to come to the table with a balanced approach,' " said Gov. Peter Shumlin of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Vermont{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, the chairman of the Democratic Governors Association. "If we're willing to give millionaires and billionaires more breaks, and take from Americans who
 are struggling in the middle class, they're willing to talk. I don't think any of us are optimistic." Mr. LaHood, a former Republican congressman who was drafted as a spokesman partly because of his experience in dealing with Republicans on Capitol Hill,
 
announced at the White House that $600 million in cuts to the Federal Aviation Administration would shut down more than 100 air traffic control towers at small airports in places like Joplin, Mo., and Boca Raton, Fla. He predicted travel delays at major a
i
rports in peak periods of up to 90 minutes because of the reduction in flight controllers, and said that as airlines adjusted to federal furloughs, flights were likely to be canceled and schedules changed. "These are harmful cuts with real-world consequen
c
es that will cost jobs and hurt our economy," Mr. LaHood said. The president's pessimism appeared to be an acknowledgment that the White House had made significant miscalculations in the spending fight. After the election, the administration anticipated t
h
at the president's victory and his better standing with the public would push Republicans into some compromise. In addition, in striking the 2011 deal to raise the nation's statutory borrowing limit, Democrats believed that Republican reluctance to allow 
d
eep cuts to the Pentagon would lead them to back off the automatic cuts, known as the sequester. But on Friday, Republicans remained adamant that they would accept no tax increases to head off the cuts. Republicans say they are willing to instead get some
 
savings from programs not covered by Congress's annual spending bills, like food stamps, Medicaid and children's health insurance. The House twice passed bills to do that last year. But Republicans say they already swallowed $600 billion in tax increases 
i
n the New Year's Eve deal that ended the last budget impasse. "The president got $600 billion in higher taxes just last month, with no spending cuts," said Brendan Buck, a spokesman for Speaker John A. Boehner. "His appetite for tax hikes evidently knows 
n
o end. If the president really believes in 'balance,' it's time to finally deal with our spending problem." Barring a last-minute deal that is more unlikely by the day, $85 billion in spending cuts will go into force next Friday, slicing many domestic pro
g
rams by 9 percent and carving 13 percent from unprotected military programs over the rest of the fiscal year. Some at the governors' meeting with the president said he believed that there was still an opportunity for a deal in the months ahead, but not in
 the next week. "I think he's long-term optimistic," said Gov. Martin O'Malley of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Maryland{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. "Short-term, he believes Republicans seem hellbent on slowing job recovery through sequestration, which in some perverse way they see as a win." Publicly, the presid
ent maintained a faint hope that a deal could still be reached before Friday. "Hope springs eternal," he told reporters during a meeting with Prime Minister Shinzo Abe of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}Japan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. "And I will just keep on making my case not only to Congress, but more importa
ntly the American people to take a smart approach to deficit reduction and do it in a way that doesn't endanger our economy and endanger jobs." Governors in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} from both parties were careful not to follow some members of Congress in embracing the pending cuts. Gov. Mary Fallin of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Oklahoma{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}, who served two terms as a Republican member of the House, urged the president and Congressional leaders to come together. She said that there was equal blame to go around. "This is really, really serious for our n
ation," Ms. Fallin said in an interview with reporters. "It's serious for our economy. It's affecting people's lives. It's time for Congress and the administration to sit down and work together to find a common path, but I'm worried that they may not." So
 far, Congress's return to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 next week holds little prospect for a resolution. The Senate will vote next week -- probably on Wednesday -- on competing Democratic and Republican sequester plans, and neither is expected to get the 60 votes necessary 
to pass under the rules that will be adopted. The Senate Democratic legislation would cancel the cuts for the 2013 fiscal year with a $110 billion plan that would establish a 30 percent minimum tax rate for income over $1 million, tax tar sands oil, cut f
a
rm subsidies and slice $27.5 billion from military spending after most troops have been withdrawn from Afghanistan. Senate Republicans have not yet decided which alternative they will offer. One would pay off this year's cuts by imposing a 10-year hiring 
f
reeze on federal workers. Republicans may also offer legislation to give federal agencies more flexibility to impose the cuts and choose which programs to hit and which to spare. White House officials say they oppose that bill, fearing it would give lawma
k
ers a false sense that they had taken the sting out of the cuts. But opposing such a measure would be difficult for Democrats. Credit: JONATHAN WEISMAN and MICHAEL D. SHEAR; Jackie Calmes, Matthew L. Wald and Jeff Zeleny contributed reporting. Photograph 
John Hickenlooper of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Colorado{\*\xmlclose}, Center, and Other Democratic Governors Under an Overcast Sky in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} On Friday. (Photograph by Pablo Martinez Monsivais/Associated Press); Transportation Secretary Ray Lahood Cited a High Likelihood of Cascading Flight D
elays and Closed Towers at Smaller Airports. (Photograph by Doug Mills/the New York Times) (A11) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 65. Fear of U.S. Cuts Grows in States Where Aid Flows}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 65 of 90
\par 
\par Fear of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}U.S.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Cuts Grows in States Where Aid Flows
\par Author: Cooper, Michael
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 23 Feb 2013: A.1.
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\par Abstract: States will see a reduction of $5.8 billion this year in the federal grant programs subject to the automatic cuts, according to an analysis by Federal Funds Information for States, a group created by the N
ational Governors Association and the National Conference of State Legislatures that tracks the impact of federal actions on states.\\n 
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\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: States are increasingly alarmed that they could become collateral damage in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's latest fiscal battle, fearing that the impasse could saddle them with across-the-board spending 
cuts that threaten to slow their fragile recoveries or thrust them back into recession. Some states, like Maryland and Virginia, are vulnerable because their economies are heavily dependent on federal workers, federal contracts and military spending, whic
h will face steep reductions if Congress allows the automatic cuts, known as sequestration, to begin next Friday. Others, including {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Illinois{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}South Dakota{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, are at risk because of their reliance on the types of federal grants that are scheduled to be cut.
 And many states simply fear that a heavy dose of federal austerity could weaken their economies, costing them jobs and much-needed tax revenue. So as state officials begin to draw up their budgets for next year, some say that the biggest risk they see is
 
not the weak housing market or the troubled European economy but the federal government. While the threat of big federal cuts to states has become something of a semiannual occurrence in recent years, state officials said in interviews that they fear that
 this time the federal government might not be crying wolf -- and their hopes are dimming that a deal will be struck in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 in time to avert the cuts. The impact would be widespread as the cuts ripple across the nation over the next year. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Texas{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} expec
ts to see its education aid slashed hundreds of millions of dollars, which could force local school districts to fire teachers, if the cuts are not averted. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Michigan
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} officials say they are in no position to replace the lost federal dollars with state dolla
rs, but worry about cuts to federal programs like the one that helps people heat their homes. Maryland is bracing not only for a blow to its economy, which depends on federal workers and contractors and the many private businesses that support them, but a
l
so for cuts in federal aid for schools, Head Start programs, a nutrition program for pregnant women, mothers and children, and job training programs, among others. Gov. Bob McDonnell of Virginia, a Republican, warned in a letter to President Obama on Mond
ay that the automatic spending cuts would have a "potentially devastating impact" and could force {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 and other states into a recession, noting that the planned cuts to military spending would be especially damaging to areas like Hampton Roads that hav
e a big Navy presence. And he noted that the whole idea of the proposed cuts was that they were supposed to be so unpalatable that they would force officials in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} to come up with a compromise. "As we all know, the defense, and other, cuts in the s
equester were designed to be a hammer, not a real policy," Mr. McDonnell wrote. "Unfortunately, inaction by you and Congress now leaves states and localities to adjust to the looming threat of this haphazard idea." The looming cuts come just as many state
s feel they are turning the corner after the prolonged slump caused by the recession. Gov. Martin O'Malley of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Maryland{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, a Democrat, said he was moving to increase the state's cash reserves and rainy day funds as a hedge against federal cuts. "I'd rather be 
spending those dollars on things that improve our business climate, that accelerate our recovery, that get more people back to work, or on needed infrastructure -- transportation, roads, bridges and the like," he said, adding that Maryland has eliminated 
5
,600 positions in recent years and that its government was smaller, on a per capita basis, than it had been in four decades. "But I can't do that. I can't responsibly do that as long as I have this hara-kiri Congress threatening to drive a long knife thro
ugh our recovery." Federal spending on salaries, wages and procurement makes up close to 20 percent of the economies of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Maryland{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}
, according to an analysis by the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Pew{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 on the States. But states are in a delicate position. While they fear t
he impact of the automatic cuts, they also fear that any deal to avert them might be even worse for their bottom lines. That is because many of the planned cuts would go to military spending and not just domestic programs, and some of the most important f
e
deral programs for states, including Medicaid and federal highway funds, would be exempt from the cuts. States will see a reduction of $5.8 billion this year in the federal grant programs subject to the automatic cuts, according to an analysis by Federal 
Funds Information for States, a group created by the National Governors Association and the National Conference of State Legislatures that tracks the impact of federal actions on states. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}California{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Texas{\*\xmlclose} stand to lose the most money from the automatic cuts, and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Puerto Rico{\*\xmlclose}
, which is already facing serious fiscal distress, is threatened with the loss of more than $126 million in federal grant money, the analysis found. Even with the automatic cuts, the analysis found, states are still expected t
o get more federal aid over all this year than they did last year, because of growth in some of the biggest programs that are exempt from the cuts, including Medicaid. But the cuts still pose a real risk to states, officials said. State budget officials f
r
om around the country held a conference call last week to discuss the threatened cuts. "In almost every case the folks at the state level, the budget offices, are pretty much telling the agencies and departments that they're not going to backfill -- they'
r
e not going to make up for the budget cuts," said Scott D. Pattison, the executive director of the National Association of State Budget Officers, which arranged the call. "They don't have enough state funds to make up for federal cuts." The cuts would not
 hit all states equally, the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Pew{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 on the States found. While the federal grants subject to the cuts make up more than 10 percent of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}South Dakota{\*\xmlclose}'s revenue, it found, they make up less than 5 percent of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Delaware{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}'s revenue. Many state officials find themselves frustrated year after year by the uncertainty of what they can expect from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, which provides states with roughly a third of their revenues. There were threats of cuts when Congress balked at raising the debt limit in 2011, when a so-called
 super-committee tried and failed to reach a budget deal, and late last year when the nation faced the "fiscal cliff." John E. Nixon, the director of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Michigan{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}'s budget office, said that all the uncertainty made the state's planning more difficult. "If it's going to happen," he said, "at some point we need to rip off the Band-Aid." Credit: MICHAEL COOPER; Fernanda {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Santos{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} contributed reporting. 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 66. Dire Consequences and Denial}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 66 of 90
\par 
\par Dire Consequences and Denial
\par Author: Blow, Charles M
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 23 Feb 2013: A.17.
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\par Abstract: Mr. Rove advised House Republicans to "pass a continuing resolution next week to fund the government for the balance of the fiscal year at the lower level dictated by the sequester -- with language grant
ing the executive branch the flexibility to move funds from less vital activities to more important ones." 
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\par Full text: It's crunch time. The sequester's automatic, across-the-board spending cuts are set to go into effect on Friday, and there is no plan as yet to stop it. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, this is your feeble government at its most ineffective and self-destructive. The White Hous
e favors a balanced plan that would include spending cuts and some tax increases for the wealthy. Republicans reject any solution that includes tax increases. These are two fundamentally different perspectives, only one of which is supported by a majority
 
of Americans. A Pew Research Center/USA Today survey released Thursday found that only 19 percent of Americans believe that the focus of deficit reduction should be only on spending cuts. Seventy-six percent want a combination of spending cuts and tax inc
reases, with more emphasis on the former than the latter. But the impasse could have dire consequences. A study last year by Stephen S. Fuller, a professor at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}George
{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Mason{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}University{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, estimates that the sequester could cost 2.14 million jobs and add 1.5 per
centage points to the unemployment rate. Fuller's analysis was cited in a Congressional Research Service report prepared for members of Congress. What's more, the sequester would reduce military spending by $42.7 billion; nonmilitary discretionary spendin
g
 would drop $28.7 billion, in addition to a mandatory $9.9 billion reduction in Medicare, according to the Congressional Budget Office. In anticipation of the very real possibility that the sequester could come to pass, some Republicans are leaning on the
 
shoulder of an old friend: denial. This week on CNN, Senator Rand Paul pronounced the $85 billion in mandated cuts a "pittance" and a "yawn" that is "just really nibbling at the edges." He also called President Obama's warnings about the sequester's impac
t
 "histrionics," "ridiculousness" and "emotionalism." What a perfect segue to Rush Limbaugh, who took to the air this week to denounce predictions about the sequester's effects as a "manufactured" crisis, saying that "for the first time in my life, I am as
h
amed of my country." Limbaugh continued: "In truth, we're gonna spend more this year than we spent last year. We're just not gonna spend as much as was projected. It's all baseline budgeting. There is no real cut below a baseline of zero. There just isn't
.
 Yet here they come, sucking us in, roping us in. Panic here, fear there: Crisis, destruction, no meat inspection, no cops, no teachers, no firefighters, no air traffic control. I'm sorry, my days of getting roped into all this are over." Those not denyin
g
 the crisis are hoping to exploit it. Karl Rove, writing in The Wall Street Journal on Thursday, called the president "a once-in-a-generation demagogue with a compliant press corps" who will subject the American people in the short term to a "slew of pres
i
dential photo-ops with those whom he claims will lose jobs." Mr. Rove advised House Republicans to "pass a continuing resolution next week to fund the government for the balance of the fiscal year at the lower level dictated by the sequester -- with langu
a
ge granting the executive branch the flexibility to move funds from less vital activities to more important ones." Rove supports the steep cuts but wants to allow the president "flexibility" in applying them. That Rove is as slick as an eel. In other word
s
, he wants to force the president to rob Peter to pay Paul and take the flak for making all the tough choices. Another Pew Research Poll released this week found that although many Americans favor cutting government spending in the abstract, most don't ag
r
ee with cuts to specific programs. "For 18 of 19 programs tested, majorities want either to increase spending or maintain it at current levels," Pew found. "The only exception is assistance for needy people around the world." Ah, foreign aid, the tired ol
d
 whipping horse that would do virtually nothing to reduce the deficit, as it accounts for a paltry 1 percent of the federal budget. Rove's plan to shift to the president the burden of choosing where to bring down the ax is Rove's way of getting Republican
s
 "to win public opinion to their side." That is a roundabout way of acknowledging that right now they're losing. A Bloomberg poll released this week found the president's job-approval rating at its highest level and the Republican Party's favorable rating
 
at its lowest since September 2009. Furthermore, the Pew/USA Today survey found that if a deal isn't reached in time, about half the public will blame Congressional Republicans while fewer than a third will blame the president. And if the sequester happen
s
, we'll all lose. It will be a disaster for the job market and the economy. But no one can accuse these politicians and pundits of caring about such things as long as their own jobs are secure. Chart Cut What? Would You Increase Spending, Keep It the Same
 or Decrease It For... (Source: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Pew{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Reseach{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} for the People and the Press) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 67. For Obama and Team, Calm, Not Crisis, in Latest Fiscal Battle}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 67 of 90
\par 
\par For Obama and Team, Calm, Not Crisis, in Latest Fiscal {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Battle{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par Author: Zeleny, Jeff; Weisman, Jonathan
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 22 Feb 2013: A.12.
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\par Abstract: [...]the sense of urgency from earlier budget fights, which included all-night meetings and dueling news conferences at the White House and on Capitol Hill, have given way to more of a business-as-usual feeling in the West Wing. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.edu/sfx_gatech?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journa
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\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 -- President Obama is just seven days away from the first significant test of his second term as deep spending cuts loom, yet inside the White House a clear sense of confidence stands in contrast to the air of crisis that surroun
ded previous fiscal showdowns with Republicans. The confrontation holds peril for both the president and Republicans. But for now, Mr. Obama believes he is acting from a greater position of strength, advisers say, pointing to several recent polls that sho
w
 he holds an upper hand in the budget debate. Yet his standing would be at risk if the so-called sequester caused economic growth to collapse. With little sign of movement as the March 1 deadline approaches, the president placed calls on Thursday to Speak
e
r John A. Boehner and Senator Mitch McConnell, the Republican leader, in an outreach that Republicans interpreted as aimed as much at fending off criticism for not reaching out sooner to Congressional leaders as trying to open a new dialogue. The calls ca
m
e as the White House pursued a balancing act: use the power of the presidency to demonstrate the consequences of the $85 billion in across-the-board spending reductions while not allowing the fight to consume the administration and derail its second-term 
p
riorities. As a result, the sense of urgency from earlier budget fights, which included all-night meetings and dueling news conferences at the White House and on Capitol Hill, have given way to more of a business-as-usual feeling in the West Wing. The bud
g
et debate is taking place alongside immigration and gun control discussions, rather than overtaking them. It is a lesson, the president told his aides this week, drawn from the experience of back-to-back fights in 2011 over shutting down the government an
d raising the nation's borrowing power. He has repeatedly personalized the argument and taken it outside {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}, including a trip on Tuesday to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Newport News{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Va.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, where the strong military presence will be affected if deep budget cuts are enacted. The s
tandoff with Republicans may not be a new one, but it is fundamentally different from the previous clashes that have ended with Obama victories. Several of Mr. Obama's advisers who helped guide the administration through the previous fights are no longer 
a
t the White House. The second-term team, led by the new chief of staff, Denis R. McDonough, is confronting its biggest challenge yet. While Mr. McDonough was in the West Wing for past budget battles, his portfolio was national security. Other advisers dea
l
ing with the sequester are also new, including Miguel Rodriguez, the top liaison to Congress, who was meeting aides to Congressional Republicans for the first time on Thursday. The positions of both sides seem to have hardened in recent weeks, rather than
 
moved toward a compromise. A new poll released Thursday suggests that after the last few years of repeated financial crises and wrangling between Congressional Republicans and the president, Americans may be increasingly inured to threats of economic doom
s
day. The poll, by Pew Research Center/USA Today, found that 49 percent say the automatic cuts should be delayed if no deal is struck by the deadline, but a full 40 percent say it would be preferable to let the cuts go into effect. Even one-third of Democr
a
ts back letting the cuts take effect; Republicans and independents are evenly split on the issue. The public is not paying much attention to the issue, as a plurality of Americans say they have heard "a little" about the sequester, the poll found, and abo
u
t 3 in 10 say they have heard nothing at all. But the public continues to support a mix of tax increases and spending cuts to reduce the deficit, with 7 in 10, including wide majorities across party lines, agreeing it is essential for the president to ena
c
t major deficit legislation this year. The nationwide telephone survey was conducted on landlines and cellphones Feb. 13-18 with 1,504 adults. The margin of sampling error is plus or minus three percentage points. In 2011, the president and Democrats were
 
able to rally overwhelming public support for an extension of an expiring cut to the payroll tax -- and against the Republican position that such an extension had to be paid for by spending cuts. But in that case, doing nothing was intolerable to most Rep
u
blicans because it meant raising taxes. That was even truer in December in the showdown over the "fiscal cliff," when every tax cut signed by President George W. Bush was set to expire. Republicans wanted to stop taxes from rising on anyone, but by refusi
n
g to let taxes rise on the wealthy, they would effectively allow taxes to rise on everyone. Again, inaction was unacceptable. This time, Mr. Obama needs Republicans to affirmatively take action to raise taxes when inaction, to many members of Congress, is
 
entirely preferable. By allowing the across-the-board cuts to go into force, Republicans would be showing their voters they had done something tangible -- and painful -- to scale back the government, the primary reason that many Republicans ran for office
.
 Federal spending subject to Congress's annual discretion will drop to levels not seen since the 1950s, as measured against the size of the economy. Yet if Mr. Boehner met Mr. Obama's demands, he would be breaking promises he made to ardent conservatives 
i
n the House Republican Conference. "At this point, we continue to reach out to the Republicans and say this is not going to be good for the economy, and it's not going to be good for ordinary people," Mr. Obama said Thursday in one of three radio intervie
w
s he gave from the Oval Office. "But I don't know if they're going to move, and that's what we're going to have to try to keep pushing over the next seven, eight days." Credit: JEFF ZELENY and JONATHAN WEISMAN; Megan Thee-Brenan contributed reporting. Pho
tograph Denis R. Mcdonough, an Adviser Who Became President Obama's Chief of Staff Last Month, Was in the West Wing for Previous Budget Battles with Republicans, but His Portfolio Then Was National Security. (Photograph by Doug Mills/the New York Times) 

\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 68. Spending Cuts Threaten Delays In Air Travel}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 68 of 90
\par 
\par Spending Cuts Threaten Delays In Air Travel
\par Author: Wald, Matthew L
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 22 Feb 2013: A.12.
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\par Abstract: Reviving a newly coined word from the heart of the recent re
cession, he said, "Staycation may become the byword of the summer." Because of the potential cutbacks in T.S.A. workers' hours, Janet Napolitano, the Secretary of Homeland Security, testified Feb. 14 before the Senate Appropriations Committee that wait ti
mes at airport security checkpoints could increase by up to an hour. 
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mtx:journal&genre=unknown&sid=ProQ:ProQ:nationalnewscore&atitle=Spending%20Cuts%20
Threaten%20Delays%20In%20Air%20Travel:%20%5BNational%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-02-22&volume=&issue=&spage=A.12&au=Wald,%20Matthew%20L&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
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\cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: WASHI
NGTON -- Airlines and airports across the country are preparing for across-the-board federal budget cuts due to hit next week as if they were a hurricane, although with even less certainty about how many flights they will have to cancel and how many passe
n
gers will be stranded. The federal government is warning about delays that could begin in March, as the first cuts take effect, and reduced takeoffs and slower security lines that could worsen in April with furloughs. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood h
a
s told Congress that most of the Federal Aviation Administration's 47,000 employees would face a day of furlough per two-week pay period, meaning on average about 10 percent fewer workers on any given day. There are about 14,750 air traffic controllers, i
ncluding trainees, so that would mean on every shift there would be substantially fewer in all. In some areas, like {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, there could be problems even in advance of furloughs, if overtime budgets are cut. To handle such a major staff shortage but still 
maintain safety, federal aviation officials said they would accept fewer airplanes into the system, the same tactic they use in bad weather. That means that in places where airplanes normally follow one another with a six- or seven-mile gap, there might b
e
 a 10- to 20-mile gap. As a result, passengers may sit on tarmacs and endure delays as they wait for planes to push back from the gate. "It's going to be like perpetual bad weather," said Kevin Mitchell, the chairman of the Business Travel Coalition. "You
'
re going to have to look at this as if you're going out knowing there's a storm." There could also be longer security lines at airports because of anticipated furloughs of Transportation Security Administration workers. In addition, deplaning from interna
t
ional flights could be slower because Customs and Border Protection agents are expected to work fewer hours. When this would begin in earnest is not clear. Government rules require that employees have 30 days' notice of furloughs, but the notices cannot b
e
 given until March 1. But the work of contractors and part-time employees could be cut sooner, along with overtime budgets. The budget cuts, known as a sequester, "will require indiscriminate spending reductions," Mr. LaHood said in a letter Feb. 11 to Ba
r
bara Mikulski, the chairwoman of the Senate Appropriations Committee. But so far the F.A.A. is saying very little specifically about what it would do, although the National Air Traffic Controllers Association is preparing a study correlating levels of fur
loughs to reductions in the ability to handle traffic. "Everyone is frustrated with the lack of specific information," said Deborah McElroy, executive vice president of the Airports Council International -- {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
North America{\*\xmlclose}. "Airports are looking at their cont
ingency plans, but the difficulty is, I don't know what I'm planning for." Aviation executives were reluctant to be quoted by name for fear of appearing to take sides in the dispute in Congress, but many expressed exasperation. An executive of a major air
line who is assigned to the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 area said that the problems were approaching as the price of gas was once again nearing $4 a gallon, making any form of travel less attractive. Reviving a newly coined word from the heart of the recent recession, he said
, "Staycation may become the byword of the summer." Because of the potential cutbacks in T.S.A. workers' hours, Janet Napolitano, the Secretary of Homeland Security, testified Feb. 14 before the Senate Appropriations Committee that wait times at airport s
e
curity checkpoints could increase by up to an hour. She said waits of four to five hours could be common for international travelers trying to clear customs and immigration. Thomas P. Glynn, chief executive officer of the Massachusetts Port Authority, whi
ch operates {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Logan{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}International{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Airport{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Boston{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, said that his agency was talking to airport restaurants and shops about staying open late to serve delayed travelers and setting aside an area on the tarmac to park flights diverted from other airports beca
use of air traffic problems. Airport service agents might have to patrol the lines at security checkpoints to pluck out passengers whose flights were leaving soon and move them to the front, he said. The goal was to "produce a passenger experience that is
 
reasonable to good," he said. Mr. Glynn, who was President Bill Clinton's deputy secretary of labor during the government shutdown of 1994, said the sequester was more difficult. "Implicit in the shutdown was it was temporary," he said. The sequestration 
"
could be permanent, or for this fiscal year," which does not end until Sept. 30. Congress was repeatedly approaching the brink, he said, because of "shutdown fatigue." Airline and aviation officials also said that a cutback in F.A.A. operations would lead
 
to complications beyond air traffic control problems. If the agency closes towers at small airports or reduces their hours, for example, airlines could still get permission to land commuter flights at those places although the airlines would have to show 
t
hey had trained weather observers on the ground, among other requirements. The problem is that the airlines would probably flood the F.A.A. with requests for such permissions to land, but the people who process them would be subject to furlough, an airlin
e
 executive said. Applications by airlines to put new airplanes into service or to certify pilots on new planes could also be delayed. A fund that provides grants for airport improvements might not be affected, according to experts, but the F.A.A. employee
s
 who process those applications might be subject to furloughs. The National Air Traffic Controllers Association, the union that represents the controllers and other workers, on Thursday predicted "a negative impact on the efficiency and capacity of the Na
t
ional Airspace System, as well as the nation's fragile economy." If the air traffic system shrinks, it could also set off a conflict within the airline industry. Industry executives said that if the F.A.A. reduced takeoffs and landings at the nation's air
ports, the carriers might choose to eliminate routes of smaller planes that have fewer seats and so provide less revenue to an airline. But those planes are often the only service to smaller airports in smaller cities. Photograph A Monitor at the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Air{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Traffic{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Tower{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Los Angeles{\*\xmlclose}
 Shows Air Traffic in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, One Dot Per Plane. Airline and Airport Officials Fear One Result of a Sharp Cut in Federal Spending Could Be Flight Delays and Cancellations. (Photograph by J. Emilio Flores for the New York Ti
mes) (A12); Airport Officials Fear a Return of Lines Like These, at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}San Francisco{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's Airport in 2006. (Photograph by Jim Wilson/the New York Times) (A16) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 69. Answers to Questions On Capital's Top Topic}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 69 of 90
\par 
\par Answers to Questions On Capital's Top Topic
\par Author: Weisman, Jonathan
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 22 Feb 2013: A.16.
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\par Abstract: Oct. 1 to Sept. 30 -- the cuts would equal roughly 5 percent of nonmilitary programs and 8 percent of defense programs. Because they would hit almost halfway 
through the fiscal year, the White House Office of Management and Budget estimates the true impact for the final seven months to be closer to 9 percent for nondefense programs and 13 percent for defense programs. Congressional Republicans say they are wil
ling to shift the cuts to "mandatory" programs not subject to Congress's annual discretion, like food stamps, children's health insurance and Medicaid, and spread them out over 10 years. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.edu/sfx_gatech?url_ver=Z39.8
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au=Weisman,%20Jonathan&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3958249\charrsid14688761 {\*\datafield 
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\cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: Unless Congress intervenes, the law requires the Obama administration to impose $85 billion in across-the-board spending cuts to military and domestic
 programs on March 1. Those cuts would be the start of $1 trillion in cuts over the next decade. These cuts have come to be known as the sequester, and they are dominating the current political discussion in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Here is a primer on what the sequest
er is and how we got here. Q. What is the origin of the sequester? A. It emerged from the refusal of House Republicans to raise the debt ceiling in 2011 without significant deficit reduction. In response, the two parties agreed to the Budget Control Act, 
w
hich cut domestic spending over the next 10 years by about $1 trillion. Democrats refused to agree to more cuts without additional revenue from taxes, and Republicans refused to agree to tax increases. Instead, Congress set up a committee to find further 
d
eficit reduction. To push the committee to reach a deal, negotiators established a fallback mechanism meant to be so onerous it would never happen: $1.2 trillion in across-the-board, automatic cuts to both military and domestic programs, set to begin this
 
year. Q. Why didn't they take effect on Jan. 1? A. The New Year's Eve deal to head off automatic tax increases delayed the cuts for two months. The deal also reduced the size of the cuts by $24 billion, out of a total of $109 billion this year, with a com
b
ination of cuts and tax revenue measures. Q. Why the word "sequester"? A. In past decades, budget laws have periodically allowed the executive branch to make small across-the-board spending cuts to the levels initially appropriated by Congress. These cuts
 
are known as "sequestration" because the government withdraws the money after Congress has released it. The looming sequestration is much larger than previous ones, though. Over the full fiscal year -- Oct. 1 to Sept. 30 -- the cuts would equal roughly 5 
p
ercent of nonmilitary programs and 8 percent of defense programs. Because they would hit almost halfway through the fiscal year, the White House Office of Management and Budget estimates the true impact for the final seven months to be closer to 9 percent
 
for nondefense programs and 13 percent for defense programs. Q. Whose idea was it? A. That is in dispute. Republicans say the White House came up with the idea. Democrats agree, to a point. But Democrats explain that the president proposed a mix of automa
t
ic tax increases and domestic cuts. Republicans rejected that mix and said they would instead accept another idea they had traditionally opposed: military cuts. Regardless, the Budget Control Act, including the cuts, passed on a bipartisan vote that inclu
d
ed almost all Republican leaders, and President Obama signed it. Q. Can the federal departments and agencies choose which programs to cut, sparing those that officials consider vital? A. No. Under the rules, the percentage cuts must apply to specific prog
r
ams, projects and activities. Everything is subject to the same percentage cut. That spreads the pain, but it also prevents agency managers from focusing the cuts on programs that may be ineffective or inefficient -- and protecting those that may affect p
u
blic health and safety. Q. When will people begin to notice the cuts? A. Around March 1, federal offices must tell contractors, grant recipients, governors and others how much money they stand to lose. By the end of the month, people will begin to notice 
c
hanges. The first checks that go out after that deadline to the unemployed -- likely around March 7 -- will have a substantial reduction, 9.4 percent. The first checks to doctors and others who care for Medicare patients will also be nicked. The secretary
 
of defense notified Congress on Wednesday that employee furloughs were necessary. By April 6, 45 days from that notice, layoffs and furloughs will begin in the Defense Department's enormous civilian work force. Other furloughs, affecting air traffic contr
o
llers, meat inspectors and others, will begin in April and are likely to accelerate as the departments struggle to meet savings targets by Sept. 30. Q. In the coming weeks and months, could Congress and the White House cancel or replace the cuts? A. Yes, 
b
ut right now the parties are far apart on an alternative. Mr. Obama wants a 50-50 mix of spending cuts and tax increases to replace the sequester. Congressional Republicans say they are willing to shift the cuts to "mandatory" programs not subject to Cong
r
ess's annual discretion, like food stamps, children's health insurance and Medicaid, and spread them out over 10 years. Republicans say they will not raise taxes. Democrats hope to force Republicans to the negotiating table with a pressure campaign aimed 
a
t the public, but even they concede that is not likely to work until the pain of the cuts becomes apparent this spring. Q. What might such a deal look like? A. Mr. Obama wants the mini-deal that pushed the sequester from January to March to be the precede
n
t: Half revenues, one-quarter military cuts, one-quarter domestic cuts. He also wants it to be large enough to put off the sequester until Sept. 30. That delay could give the White House and Congress time to negotiate a larger budget deal that included bo
t
h cuts to Social Security and Medicare and tax increases. Republicans say they will not accept any additional tax revenue. Any deal is likely to fall somewhere between the two parties' current positions. Q. The two years have been filled with one budget d
e
adline after another. Is this the end? A. Not necessarily. Any subsequent deal to cancel the sequester would probably include a new deadline. If negotiators fail to meet, the next nine years of sequestration cuts would presumably kick in. Beyond the seque
ster, the budgetary authority to keep the federal government operating runs out on March 27. Unless the two parties can agree on a new deal, portions of the federal government could be required to shut down that day. 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 70. Why Taxes Have to Go Up}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 70 of 90
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 71. The D.C. Dubstep}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
Document 71 of 90
\par 
\par The D.C. Dubstep
\par Author: Brooks, David
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 22 Feb 2013: A.23.
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\par Abstract: According to Bob Woodward's book, "Th
e Price of Politics," Lew told the Senate majority leader that they had come up with a trigger idea to force a budget deal. (Tax increases on the rich!) He does have a chance to lead the country into a budget showdown with furloughed workers and general m
ayhem, for which people will primarily blame Republicans. 
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\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: On July 26, 2011, Jack Lew, then the White House budget director,
 went to Harry Reid's office for a budget strategy session. According to Bob Woodward's book, "The Price of Politics," Lew told the Senate majority leader that they had come up with a trigger idea to force a budget deal. "What's the idea?" Reid asked. "Se
q
uestration," Lew responded. Reid folded himself over with his head between his knees, as if he were going to throw up. Then he came upright and gaped at the ceiling. "A couple of weeks ago," he exclaimed, "my staff said to me there is one more possible" e
n
forcement method: sequestration. Reid said he had told his staff at the time, "Get the hell out of here. That's insane. The White House surely will come up with a plan that will save the day. And you come to me with sequestration?" Sequestration may have 
s
eemed insane back then. But politicians in both parties are secretly discovering that they love sequestration now. It allows them to do the dance moves they enjoy the most. Democrats get to do the P.C. Shimmy. Traditional presidents go through a normal se
t
 of motions: They identify a problem. They come up with a proposal to address the problem. They try to convince the country that their proposal is the best approach. Under the Permanent Campaign Shimmy, the president identifies a problem. Then he declines
 
to come up with a proposal to address the problem. Then he comes up with a vague-but-politically-convenient concept that doesn't address the problem (let's raise taxes on the rich). Then he goes around the country blasting the opposition for not having as
 politically popular a concept. Then he returns to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 and congratulates himself for being the only serious and substantive person in town. Sequestration allows the White House to do this all over again. The president hasn't actually come up with a p
roposal to avert sequestration, let alone one that is politically plausible. He does have a vague and politically convenient concept. (Tax increases on the rich!) He does have a chance to lead the country into a budget showdown with furloughed workers and
 
general mayhem, for which people will primarily blame Republicans. And he does have the chance to achieve the same thing he has achieved so frequently over the past two years, political success and legislative mediocrity. Republicans also secretly love th
e
 sequester. It allows them to do their favorite dance move, the Suicide Stage Dive. It was pioneered by Newt Gingrich in 1995 and has been repeated constantly since. In this dance, the Republicans mount the stage and roar that they are about to courageous
l
y cut spending. In this anthem they carefully emphasize cuts to programs the country sympathizes with, such as special education, while sparing programs that actually created the debt problem, like Medicare. Then, when they have worked themselves up into 
a
 frenzy of self-admiration, they sprint across the stage and leap into what they imagine is the loving arms of their adoring fans. When they are 4 feet off the ground, they realize the voters have left the building in disgust and they land with a thud on 
t
he floor. Sequestration allows the Republicans to do the Suicide Stage Dive to perfection. Voters disdain the G.O.P. because they think Republicans are mindless antigovernment fanatics who can't distinguish good government programs from bad ones. Sequestr
a
tion is a fanatically mindless piece of legislation that can't distinguish good government programs from bad ones. Sequestration carefully spares programs like Medicare and Social Security that actually contribute to the debt problem. Sequestration will c
a
use maximum political disgust for a trivial amount of budget savings. So, of course, the conservative press is filling up with essays with titles like "Learning to Love Sequestration." Of course, Republican legislators are screwing up their courage to emb
r
ace it. Of course, after the cuts hit and the furor rises, they are going to come crawling back with concessions as they do after every Suicide Stage Dive. These two dance moves, the P.C. Shimmy and the Suicide Stage Dive, when combined, are beautifully g
uaranteed to cause maximum damage to the country. What's {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's biggest problem right now? It is that business people think that government is so dysfunctional that they are afraid to invest and spur growth. So what are the parties going to do? They are 
going to prove that government is so dysfunctional that you'd be crazy to invest and spur growth. In a normal country, the politicians would try some new moves. For example, if they agreed to further means test Medicare they could save a lot of money. Dem
ocrats would be hitting the rich. Republicans would be reforming entitlements. But no. Both parties love their current moves. It's enough to make Harry Reid put his head between his legs and throw up. 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 72. Sequester Of Fools}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 72 of 90
\par 
\par Sequester Of Fools
\par Author: Krugman, Paul
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 22 Feb 2013: A.23.
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\par Abstract: Messrs. Bowles and Simpson had their moment -- the annus horribilis of 2011, when Washington was in thrall to deficit scolds insisting that, in the face of record-hi
gh long-term unemployment and record-low borrowing costs, we forget about jobs and concentrate exclusively on a "grand bargain" that would supposedly (not actually) settle budget disputes for ever after. [...]as Janet Yellen, the vice chairwoman of the Fe
d
eral Reserve, recently emphasized, one main reason for the sluggish recovery is that government spending has been far weaker in this business cycle than in the past. [...]the proposal from Senate Democrats at least moves in the right direction, replacing 
the most destructive spending cuts -- those that fall on the most vulnerable members of our society -- with tax increases on the wealthy, and delaying austerity in a way that would protect the economy. 
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\par Full text: They're baaack! Just about two years ago, Erskine Bowles and Alan Simpson, the co-chairmen of the late unlamented debt commission, warned us to expect a terrible fiscal crisis
 within, um, two years unless we adopted their plan. The crisis hasn't materialized, but they're nonetheless back with a new version. And, in case you're interested, after last year's election -- in which American voters made it clear that they want to pr
e
serve the social safety net while raising taxes on the rich -- the famous fomenters of fiscal fear have moved to the right, calling for even less revenue and even more spending cuts. But you aren't interested, are you? Almost nobody is. Messrs. Bowles and
 
Simpson had their moment -- the annus horribilis of 2011, when Washington was in thrall to deficit scolds insisting that, in the face of record-high long-term unemployment and record-low borrowing costs, we forget about jobs and concentrate exclusively on
 
a "grand bargain" that would supposedly (not actually) settle budget disputes for ever after. That moment has now passed; even Mr. Bowles concedes that the search for a grand bargain is on "life support." Let's convene a death panel! But the legacy of tha
t year of living foolishly lives on, in the form of the "sequester," one of the worst policy ideas in our nation's history. Here's how it happened: Republicans engaged in unprecedented hostage-taking, threatening to push {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} into default by refusing to 
raise the debt ceiling unless President Obama agreed to a grand bargain on their terms. Mr. Obama, alas, didn't stand firm; instead, he tried to buy time. And, somehow, both sides decided that the way to buy time was to create a fiscal doomsday machine th
a
t would inflict gratuitous damage on the nation through spending cuts unless a grand bargain was reached. Sure enough, there is no bargain, and the doomsday machine will go off at the end of next week. There's a silly debate under way about who bears resp
o
nsibility for the sequester, which almost everyone now agrees was a really bad idea. The truth is that Republicans and Democrats alike signed on to this idea. But that's water under the bridge. The question we should be asking is who has a better plan for
 dealing with the aftermath of that shared mistake. The right policy would be to forget about the whole thing. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 doesn't face a deficit crisis, nor will it face such a crisis anytime soon. Meanwhile, we have a weak economy that is recovering far too s
lowly from the recession that began in 2007. And, as Janet Yellen, the vice chairwoman of the Federal Reserve, recently emphasized, one main reason for the sluggish recovery is that government spending has been far weaker in this business cycle than in th
e
 past. We should be spending more, not less, until we're close to full employment; the sequester is exactly what the doctor didn't order. Unfortunately, neither party is proposing that we just call the whole thing off. But the proposal from Senate Democra
t
s at least moves in the right direction, replacing the most destructive spending cuts -- those that fall on the most vulnerable members of our society -- with tax increases on the wealthy, and delaying austerity in a way that would protect the economy. Ho
use Republicans, on the other hand, want to take everything that's bad about the sequester and make it worse: canceling cuts in the defense budget, which actually does contain a lot of waste and fraud, and replacing them with severe cuts in aid to 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}'s
 neediest. This would hit the nation with a double whammy, reducing growth while increasing injustice. As always, many pundits want to portray the deadlock over the sequester as a situation in which both sides are at fault, and in which both should give g
r
ound. But there's really no symmetry here. A middle-of-the-road solution would presumably involve a mix of spending cuts and tax increases; well, that's what Democrats are proposing, while Republicans are adamant that it should be cuts only. And given tha
t
 the proposed Republican cuts would be even worse than those set to happen under the sequester, it's hard to see why Democrats should negotiate at all, as opposed to just letting the sequester happen. So here we go. The good news is that compared with our
 
last two self-inflicted crises, the sequester is relatively small potatoes. A failure to raise the debt ceiling would have threatened chaos in world financial markets; failure to reach a deal on the so-called fiscal cliff would have led to so much sudden 
austerity that we might well have plunged back into recession. The sequester, by contrast, will probably cost "only" around 700,000 jobs. But the looming mess remains a monument to the power of truly bad ideas -- ideas that the entire 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} establishment was somehow convinced represented deep wisdom. 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 73. G.O.P. Is Resisting Obama Pressure On Tax Increase}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 73 of 90
\par 
\par G.O.P. Is Resisting Obama Pressure On Tax Increase
\par Author: Weisman, Jonathan
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 21 Feb 2013: A.1.
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\par Ab
stract: In recent days, Mr. Obama has sought to force Republicans into negotiations: a Saturday radio address criticizing "the current Republican plan" that "puts the burden of avoiding those cuts mainly on seniors and middle-class families"; a news confe
r
ence on Tuesday with uniformed first responders whose jobs might be threatened; and on Wednesday, local television interviews broadcast in eight media markets, from Hawaii to South Carolina, urging Republicans to accept his "balanced approach" to unwind t
h
e cuts or accept responsibility for their consequences. [...]the speaker sought to turn the blame back on the president after Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta on Wednesday fired off a letter, warning that he will have to furlough a large number of Pentag
on civilian staff members, "forgo critical objectives" and "do real harm to our national security" because of the cuts. 
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roQ:ProQ:nationalnewscore&a
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\par Full text: WASHINGTON -- House Republicans, shrugging off rising pressure from President Obama, are resolutely opposing new tax increases to head off $85 billion in across-the-board spending reductions, all but en
suring the cuts will go into force March 1 and probably remain in place for months, if not longer. Despite new calls from the White House on Wednesday to enact a combination of tax increases and cuts to postpone the so-called sequester, the House is movin
g
 forward on a legislative agenda that assumes deep and arbitrary cuts to defense and domestic programs -- once considered unthinkable -- will remain in place through the end of the year. Congressional Republicans have relented in the most recent fiscal sh
o
wdowns with the White House. But lawmakers say they have no intention of surrendering in this one even though Mr. Obama has raised the potential of widespread disruptions in government services and even military operations in the weeks ahead. The presiden
t
's January fiscal victory, which yielded increases in income, capital gains and dividend tax rates on affluent families, has only bolstered Republican resolve. "The president says he has to have tax increases to head off the sequester. Well, he already go
t
 his tax increase," Representative Martha Roby, Republican of Alabama, said in an interview Wednesday after visiting the town just outside of the Army's Fort Rucker, which stands to take a deep hit this spring. "It's unconscionable to use our military men
 
and women in uniform as a bargaining chip to raise our taxes." House Republicans say they believe they have politically inoculated themselves against claims they are responsible for the cuts by approving measures last year that would have substituted redu
c
tions in government programs like food stamps for the lower Pentagon spending. Party strategists have advised Republican members to aggressively blame the president for the creation of the automatic cuts and the failure to stop them. Taking steps to avoid
 
a full government shutdown at the end of March, the House Appropriations Committee as soon as next week will introduce legislation to keep the government financed through Sept. 30, the end of the fiscal year, but do nothing to stop the pending cuts. The c
u
rrent stopgap spending measure expires March 27, and Republican leaders are eager to avoid an Easter-week shuttering of the government. In recent days, Mr. Obama has sought to force Republicans into negotiations: a Saturday radio address criticizing "the 
c
urrent Republican plan" that "puts the burden of avoiding those cuts mainly on seniors and middle-class families"; a news conference on Tuesday with uniformed first responders whose jobs might be threatened; and on Wednesday, local television interviews b
r
oadcast in eight media markets, from Hawaii to South Carolina, urging Republicans to accept his "balanced approach" to unwind the cuts or accept responsibility for their consequences. But House Republicans say they are feeling invulnerable in the current 
c
lash. Not only can they point to last year's bills to replace the cuts, but redistricting has made most of them immune to political threats and entreaties. For many representing conservative districts where the president holds little sway, an attack by Mr
.
 Obama is a badge of honor, senior Republican House aides say. In the last showdowns won by the president, inaction was seen as intolerable. Had Republicans done nothing in 2011, a temporary payroll tax would have lapsed without offsetting tax cuts to eas
e
 the blow. On Jan. 1, every tax cut of the Bush administration would have expired at once had the Republicans not relented and let some taxes rise. This time, Republicans need not do anything and deep spending cuts they have demanded for years will go int
o
 force automatically. Speaker John A. Boehner wrote in an opinion piece in The Wall Street Journal on Wednesday: "As the president's outrage about the sequester grows in coming days, Republicans have a simple response: Mr. President, we agree that your se
q
uester is bad policy. What spending are you willing to cut to replace it?" And the speaker sought to turn the blame back on the president after Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta on Wednesday fired off a letter, warning that he will have to furlough a larg
e
 number of Pentagon civilian staff members, "forgo critical objectives" and "do real harm to our national security" because of the cuts. "As the commander in chief, President Obama is ultimately responsible for our military readiness, so it's fair to ask:
 
What is he doing to stop his sequester that would 'hollow out' our Armed Forces?" Mr. Boehner said. Hoping to increase the pressure before Congress returns next week, House Democrats will hold an event on Thursday examining civilian impacts of the cuts fe
a
turing a teacher, a defense contractor and a state health official. The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee will begin an offensive on Thursday as well, accusing Republicans of risking 700,000 jobs to protect "special interest tax loopholes" that 
D
emocrats say can be closed to mitigate the impact. "No one wins the blame game on how the sequester happened last year," said Representative Steve Israel, Democrat of New York, the committee's chairman, "but House Republicans are the only ones to blame fo
r
 rejecting any compromise that will stop it from happening this March." Senior Senate Democratic aides, speaking on condition of anonymity, conceded the weakness of their current hand. In late December, as the White House and Senate Republicans closed in 
o
n a deal to head off a far larger wave of automatic tax increases, Senate Democrats had urged the president and Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. to hold out for a better deal on the automatic spending cuts. Instead, the White House agreed to punt the sh
o
wdown for two months, paying down the cuts with a package financed half by new revenues, one-fourth by domestic cuts and one-fourth by military cuts. White House aides argued that the mini-deal would set the precedent for a larger deal before March 1, but
 
that turned out to be not the case. The Senate next week will consider competing Democratic and Republican proposals to stop the automatic cuts. The Democratic plan would institute a 30 percent minimum tax rate on incomes over $1 million, cut farm subsidi
e
s, and institute military cuts delayed until most United States troops have returned from Afghanistan. Neither plan is expected to win the 60 votes needed to overcome a filibuster. Instead, attention will shift to the next deadline, March 27, when financi
n
g for the government runs out. The House bill would maintain financing at presequester levels, $1.043 trillion, with detailed spending instructions for defense programs devised to give the Pentagon more flexibility. But a provision in the spending bill wi
l
l say that all levels are subject to automatic cuts to be meted out by the White House Budget Office. Senate Democratic leaders have yet to decide whether they will go along or force another showdown on the automatic cuts, with a government shutdown in th
e
 balance. But, aides warned, they will do that only if public opinion has shifted overwhelmingly to their side. So far, they said, the public may say it sides with Democrats, but there is little indication voters feel passionately enough to move Republica
ns from their trenches. Photograph Representative Martha Roby, Republican of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Alabama{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, Said On Wednesday, "It's Unconscionable to Use Our Military Men and Women in Uniform As a Bargaining Chip to Raise Our Taxes." (Photograph by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (A16) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 74 of 90
\par 
\par Budget Cuts Seen as Risk To Growth Of Economy
\par Author: Appelbaum, Binyamin; Lowrey, Annie
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 21 Feb 2013: B.1.
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\par Abstract: Sequestration would slash a
gencies' "budget authority" by about $85 billion, but the Congressional Budget Office this month estimated that actual outlays would fall by only about $44 billion in the 2013 fiscal year, with the rest accruing over time. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.edu/sf
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es&issn=03624331&date=2013-02-21&volume=&issue=&spage=B.1&au=Appelbaum,%20Binyamin;Lowrey,%20Annie&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3958249\charrsid14688761 {\*\datafield 
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\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- The fresh round of federal spending cuts scheduled to begin
 next week would slow economic growth in the next year, though not nearly as much as going over the so-called fiscal cliff might have, economists said. The cuts -- a result of a policy known as sequestration -- most likely would reduce growth by about one
-
half of a percentage point in 2013, according to a range of government and private forecasters. That could be enough to again slow the arrival of a recovery, producing instead another year of sluggish growth and high unemployment. Such economic forecasts 
a
re even cloudier than normal because of uncertainty about the cumulative impact of the rounds of federal spending cuts and tax increases in the last few years. Whether the government's repeated flirtation with fiscal turmoil is causing businesses to postp
o
ne or reduce planned investment is also unclear. Some evidence suggests that companies, particularly in the military industry, cut investment last year in anticipation of sequestration, which was originally scheduled to begin Jan. 1. The Commerce Departme
n
t estimated that the economy shrank slightly in the fourth quarter. Consumer spending remained relatively strong last year, but may have weakened early this year after an increase in payroll taxes, part of a deal to avoid the worst of the fiscal cliff tax
 
increases and to delay its spending cuts. "Where are all the customers? And where's their money?" a Wal-Mart executive wrote in a February e-mail obtained by Bloomberg News, bemoaning a sharp decline in sales. Wal-Mart sales accounted for more than 2 perc
e
nt of domestic economic activity in recent years. Many economists are particularly critical of the arbitrary nature of the cuts, arguing that Congress could reduce annual deficits by the same amount with far less economic damage by spreading the cuts acro
s
s a broader range of programs, directing them at lesser priorities or giving government agencies more discretion in how they make them. "There's a better way to do this," said Joel Prakken, chairman of Macroeconomic Advisers, a forecasting company based i
n {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}St. Louis{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. Still, he and others emphasized that the impact would most likely not be nearly as bad as the cost of the tax increases and spending cuts that had been scheduled to take effect Jan. 1. "Even though it's bad policy, the macro effects are small c
ompared with going over the fiscal cliff," he said. "That was a recession. This is a deceleration." The cumulative effect of the sequester and the tax deal struck in January might slash economic growth by as much as 1.25 percentage points -- from a growth
 
rate that otherwise might have been more than 3 percent -- in 2013, economists estimate. Mr. Prakken predicts that the economy still would grow at about the same 2 percent annual pace it has managed in the years since the recession. Sequestration would sl
a
sh agencies' "budget authority" by about $85 billion, but the Congressional Budget Office this month estimated that actual outlays would fall by only about $44 billion in the 2013 fiscal year, with the rest accruing over time. That is still about 1 percen
t
 of total federal spending to be squeezed out in a matter of months. Many economists argue that the same cuts could be made with less pain by postponing some of them until later in the decade, when the economy is likely to be stronger. Many argue that gro
w
ing spending on health care programs like Medicaid and Medicare is the real threat to the federal budget, not domestic spending on areas like education and support for poor families. They also argue that macroeconomic estimates of the impact on growth pro
b
ably understate the damage that will be caused by cutting spending indiscriminately. "It's the nature of the cuts that is most pernicious -- across-the-board, without thought, cutting everything and anything including programs everyone thinks are good and
 
effective," said Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody's Analytics. "It's impossible to calculate in terms of dollars and cents what you're doing when you have these mindless cuts." The cuts would begin to take effect by March 1, and Congressional leaders 
a
ppear increasingly resigned to let the deadline pass without action. A broader deal is possible before a second deadline at the end of the month, when a budget deal is necessary to avoid a government shutdown. Any such deal could significantly reduce the 
e
conomic impact of sequestration, which forecasters project will mostly fall in the second and third quarters. In normal times the Federal Reserve could offset the impact of spending cuts by reducing interest rates. But these are not normal times. The Fed 
a
lready is engaged in a vast effort to stimulate the economy, using monetary policy to suppress interest rates. The Fed's chairman, Ben S. Bernanke, has warned repeatedly that such policy has limited power to offset additional cuts. Some politicians are wa
r
ning that agencies will need to take steps like furloughing air traffic controllers or shrinking early childhood programs. "We are doing everything possible to limit the worst effects on D.O.D. personnel, but I regret that our flexibility within the law i
s
 extremely limited," said Leon E. Panetta, the defense secretary, in a letter to his staff on Wednesday. "We have no legal authority to exempt civilian personnel funding from reductions. As a result, should sequestration occur and continue for a substanti
al period, D.O.D. will be forced to place the vast majority of its civilian work force on administrative furlough." While the cuts would take a modest toll on the overall economy, the pain would be concentrated in some areas, like the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} suburbs tha
t are home to many federal workers and government contractors. "Sequestration would feel like a cold to most of the nation, but to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Prince George{\*\xmlclose}'s County and the rest of the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose} metropolitan area, it would feel like a bad case of pneumonia," Rushern L. Baker III, the executive of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Prince George{\*\xmlclose}'s County in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Maryland{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, said on Tuesday in a statement issued with the leaders of neighboring counties. Photograph Some Politicians Warn That Agencies Will Need to Take Steps Like Furloughing Air Traffic Controllers. (Photograph by Fred R. Conrad/the New York Times) (B7) 

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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 75. Obama Tries to Turn Up Pressure on Republicans as Cutbacks Near}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 75 of 90
\par 
\par Obama Tries to Turn Up Pressure on Republicans as Cutbacks Near
\par Author: Calmes, Jackie
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 20 Feb 2013: A.16.
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\par Abstract: To turn up the pressur
e on the absent lawmakers, Mr. Obama warned in calamitous terms of the costs to military readiness, domestic investments and vital services if a "meat-cleaver" approach of indiscriminate, across-the-board spending cuts takes effect on March 1. 
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7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab00000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: WASHINGTON -- Days away from another fiscal crisis and with Congress on vacation, President Obama began marshaling the powers of the presidency on Tuesday }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
to try to shame Republicans into a compromise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761  that could avoid further self-inflicted job losses and damage to the fragile recovery. But so far, Republicans were
 declining to engage. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
To turn up the pressure on the absent lawmakers, Mr. Obama warned in calamitous terms of the costs to military readiness, domestic investments and vital services if a "meat-cleaver" approach of indiscriminate, across-the-board spendin
g cuts takes effect on March 1. Surrounding him in a White House auditorium were solemn, uniformed emergency responders, invited to illustrate the sort of critical services at risk. The president plans to keep up the pressure through next week}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761  for an alternative deficit-reduction deal that includes both spending cuts and new revenues through closing tax loopholes. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 He will have daily events underscoring the potential ramifications of the automatic cuts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
, aides said, and next week will travel outside Washington }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 to take his case to the public}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
, as he did late last year in another fiscal fight on which he prevailed. In stern tones, Mr. Obama said that the automatic cuts, known in budget terms as a sequester, would "affect our responsibility to respond to threats i
n unstable parts of the world" and "add thousands of Americans to the unemployment rolls." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 He framed the debate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761  in the way that he hopes will force Republicans into accepting some higher tax revenues, something they so far refuse to do. "Republicans in Con
gress face a simple choice," Mr. Obama said. "Are they willing to compromise }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
to protect vital investments in education and health care and national security and all the jobs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761  that depend on them, or would they rather put hundreds of thousands of jobs and ou
r entire economy at risk just to protect a few special-interest tax loopholes that benefit only the wealthiest Americans and biggest corporations?" Mr. Obama once again finds himself in a budget showdown with the opposing party, and numerous polls show hi
s
 position to be more popular than Republican calls for spending cuts only, including cuts in Medicare. Mr. Obama and senior aides hardly disguised their sense of political advantage. Still, the president's leverage might in fact be limited, since by all a
ppearances he seems to want a deal far more than Republicans do. As the leader of the nation, Mr. Obama is eager to see an end to the repeated evidence of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} dysfunction, or what he referred to again on Tuesday as the cycle of "manufactured crisis."
 And with his legacy ultimately at stake, he needs to lift the fiscal uncertainty that since 2011 has held down economic growth. Despite the risks of an impasse for Republicans, those who control the House have all but forfeited this battle to Mr. Obama a
n
d seem poised to let the automatic cuts take effect. Many Republicans, particularly newer members elected with Tea Party support, have pushed party leaders to accept the sequester and lock in the spending cuts rather than compromise. The leaders seem to h
a
ve decided to wage battle later this spring in the larger fight over the annual federal budget. Contributing to Republican calculations is the fact that at least in the short term, an impasse over the sequester is not as potentially catastrophic as the th
r
eats that loomed in past partisan showdowns, like a full shutdown of government or the nation's first-ever default on its global debt obligations. The potential impact is potentially hazardous nonetheless, both economically and politically. As Mr. Obama n
oted, the prospect of the sequester }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
has already affected military deployments and hiring by military contractors, and threatens layoffs of teachers, air traffic controllers and researchers,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
 among others. Hours after the president's remarks, economic forecasters at Macroeconomic Advisers, based in St. Louis, projected that sequestration would reduce the firm's forecast of growth this year by nearly a quarter, 0.6 percent, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 cost roughly 700,000 civilian and military jobs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761  through 2014, with heightened unempl
oyment lingering for several years. "By far the preferable policy," the analysis said, "is a credible long-term plan to shrink the deficit more slowly through some combination of revenue increases within broad tax reform" as well as "more carefully consid
e
red cuts" in spending programs, including Medicare and Medicaid. That prescription for both long-term spending reductions and revenue increases, as an alternative to immediate deep spending cuts that inhibit job growth, generally tracks Mr. Obama's approa
c
h. He has proposed $1.5 trillion in spending cuts over 10 years and revenue increases that would build on the roughly $2.5 trillion over the decade that he and Congress have agreed to in the past two years. The total, $4 trillion, is the minimum reduction
 
that many economists say is necessary to stabilize the growth of the nation's debt at a time when the population is aging and health care costs are rising, driving projected costs to entitlement programs to unsustainable levels. That approach mixing spend
i
ng cuts and increased revenues got another endorsement on Tuesday when the chairmen of Mr. Obama's 2010 debt-reduction commission -- former Senator Alan K. Simpson, a Republican, and Erskine B. Bowles, a Democrat and former chief of staff to President Bil
l
 Clinton -- released a revised fiscal plan that would reduce annual deficits by $2.4 trillion in a decade through spending cuts, including in Medicare and Social Security benefits, and an overhaul of the tax system. But Republicans say they will not consi
d
er additional tax increases since Mr. Obama in January won more than $600 billion over 10 years in higher revenues from the wealthiest taxpayers. "The revenue debate is now closed," Speaker John A. Boehner said in a statement reacting to the president's r
emarks. Photograph President Obama Assembled a Group of Emergency Responders On Tuesday to Drive Home His Point About the Cost in Preparedness If Pending Cuts Take Effect. (Photograph by Doug Mills/the New York Times) 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 76. Dire Forecast on Effects of Budget Cuts, but Timing Is Disputed}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 76 of 90
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Dire Forecast on Effects of Budget Cuts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 , but Timing Is Disputed
\par Author: Shear, Michael D; Cooper, Michael
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 20 Feb 2013: A.16.
\par }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.library.gatech.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1288948661?accountid=11107}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3958249\charrsid14688761 {\*\datafield 
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\par Abstract: Officials at the Department of Homeland Security said that travelers should not notice any significant reductions in Transportation Security Agency staffing at airports in the first few days after the automatic cuts. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.edu/sfx_gatech?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&
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0&volume=&issue=&spage=A.16&au=Shear,%20Michael%20D;Cooper,%20Michael&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3958249\charrsid14688761 {\*\datafield 
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\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: WASHINGTON -- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 President Obama on Tuesday painted a dire picture}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
 of federal government operations across the United States should automatic budget cuts hit on March 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
: F.B.I. agents furloughed, criminals released, flights delayed, teachers and police officers laid off and parents frantic to find a place for children locked out of day care centers. "Federal p
rosecutors will have to close cases and let criminals go," Mr. Obama said, flanked by law enforcement officers at the White House. "Tens of thousands of parents will have to scramble to find child care for their kids."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761  While the effects may ultimately be s
ignificant, many are unlikely to be felt immediately, officials said Tuesday after the president's remarks. Rather, they will ripple gradually across the federal government as agencies come to grips in the months ahead with across-the-board cuts to all th
eir programs. Administration officials insisted that government contractors and state governments will begin receiving word quickly about programs that must be reduced or terminated. The Defense Department is planning to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 give notice to 800,000 civilian workers on Wednesday that furloughs might be necessary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
 if the automatic cuts go into effect. Amy Brundage, a White House spokeswoman, said: "Whether these impacts are felt immediately or in the near future, they are already having negative effects on the econo
my. And there are Americans who are working today who could lose their jobs if these cuts go into effect." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
But officials conceded that day care centers are almost certainly not going to be padlocked on March 1. Border patrols will be staffed throughout tha
t day and the days to come. Federal agents will continue to conduct investigations, and criminals will not immediately be "let go," as Mr. Obama suggested.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
 "The scheduling will depend on what the workload is, what the cases are, what can wait," said Nanda 
Chitre, a spokeswoman for the Department of Justice. "There's going to be impact all across law enforcement. But we've tried to give as much flexibility as possible." In recent years a gridlocked {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} has seemed to need the threat of drop-dead deadli
nes and potentially grave consequences -- workers laid off, parks and monuments closing, services disappearing overnight, federal benefit checks delayed -- to get anything done. Think of the last-minute deal to avert the "fiscal cliff" last month, or the 
o
ne that was struck in 2011 to raise the nation's debt ceiling just as the possibility of default loomed. Now, with both Democrats and Republicans hoping to avert the automatic cuts, which are known as the sequester, both sides are emphasizing their immedi
a
cy, with Mr. Obama warning on Tuesday that "just 10 days from now, Congress might allow a series of automatic, severe budget cuts to take place." But even if March 1 arrives without a deal to avert the cuts, it may be some time before many take effect. Wh
i
te House officials have said that the planned cuts would take $85 billion out of the budget this year. But the actual impact of cuts felt this year might be only about half that much, the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office estimated in a recent blog 
p
ost. The office wrote that "discretionary outlays will drop by $35 billion and mandatory spending will be reduced by $9 billion this year as a direct result of those procedures; additional reductions in outlays attributable to the cuts in 2013 funding wil
l occur in later years." In the short term}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
, officials at a variety of agencies said, the automatic cuts will take some time to put in place as officials readjust their priorities.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
 Officials at the Department of Homeland Security said that travelers should n
ot notice any significant reductions in Transportation Security Agency staffing at airports in the first few days after the automatic cuts. And the number of air traffic controllers will not immediately be reduced, they said. "Lines/wait times will increa
s
e as reductions to overtime and the inability to backfill positions for attrition occur," a Homeland Security official said. Bill Hall, a spokesman for the Department of Health and Human Services, said he did not have details about how child care services
 
would be immediately affected. But he said the longer-term impact might be greater. "My guess is that this is impacting the spending over a period of time," Mr. Hall said. "I can't say how each one is going to work. I think there's still a lot of work bei
n
g done." Ms. Chitre said that the Bureau of Prisons, which houses 218,000 federal prisoners, does not intend to let anyone go on March 1 because of the cuts. She said that bureau personnel might be furloughed and that vocational education programs and oth
ers might be curtailed. As an example, she said the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 Marshals Service would face the likelihood of furloughs, but she added: "They will continue prisoner transfers and protect the courts. They are going to have to do prioritizing." White House 
officials said they still believe that the automatic cuts will be severely disruptive right away. And they said decisions to cancel or reduce programs might not be able to be reversed a month or two later. In his remarks, Mr. Obama said repeatedly that "t
h
is is not an abstraction." He added: "There are people whose livelihoods are at stake. There are communities that are going to be impacted in a negative way." How quickly the cuts go from abstraction to reality might determine whether Congress and the pre
sident can find a way to avoid them -- or to quickly roll them back. Credit: MICHAEL D. SHEAR and MICHAEL COOPER; Michael D. Shear reported from Washington, and Michael Cooper from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. 
\par _______________________________________________________________
\par }{\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14688761 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs18\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 {\tc {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 77. In Child Development, Early Intervention Is Vital}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 77 of 90}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid10162205\charrsid14688761 \endash  DELETED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par _______________________________________________________________
\par }{\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14688761 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs18\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 {\tc {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 78. Old and Rich? Less Help for You}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 78 of 90}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid10162205\charrsid14688761 \endash  DELETED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par _______________________________________________________________
\par }{\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14688761 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs18\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 {\tc {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 79. Talk of a Retailer Merger Cheers Markets}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 79 of 90}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid14573785\charrsid14688761 \endash  DELETED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 80. Jumping Aboard the Train, As if There Won't Be Another}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 82. The Real Cost of Shrinking Government}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 82 of 90
\par 
\par The Real Cost of Shrinking Government
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 17 Feb 2013: SR.10.
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\par Abstract: Cutbacks in Customs agents and airport security checkpoints will "substantially increase passenger wait times," the Homeland Security Department said, creating delays of as much as an hour at busy airports. HEALTH AND S
AFETY A cut of $350 million to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will mean 25,000 fewer breast and cervical cancer screenings for low-income women; 424,000 fewer H.I.V. tests; and the purchase of 540,000 fewer doses of vaccine for flu, hepati
tis and measles. 
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\par Full text: In less than two weeks, a cleaver known as the sequester will fall on some of the most important functions of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 government. About $85 billion will be cut from discretionary spending over the next seven months, reducing defense programs by about 8 percent and domestic programs by about 5 percent. Only a few things will be spared
, including some basic safety-net benefits like Social Security, as well as pay for enlisted military personnel. The sequester will not stop to contemplate whether these are the right programs to cut; it is entirely indiscriminate, slashing programs wheth
e
r they are bloated or essential. The military budget, for example, should be reduced substantially, but thoughtfully, considering the nation's needs. Instead, every weapons system, good or bad, will be hurt, as will troop training and maintenance. These c
u
ts, which will cost the economy more than one million jobs over the next two years, are the direct result of the Republican demand in 2011 to shrink the government at any cost, under threat of a default on the nation's debt. Many Republicans say they woul
d
 still prefer the sequester to replacing half the cuts with tax revenue increases. But the government spending they disdain is not an abstract concept. In a few days, the cuts will begin affecting American life and security in significant ways. While some
 departments may have exaggerated the dire effects of their reductions, Congressional budget experts say they have little doubt that the size and pervasive nature of the sequester will inflict widespread pain. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Here are some examples from the government depa
rtments most affected: NATIONAL SECURITY Two-week furloughs for most law-enforcement personnel will reduce Coast Guard operations, including drug interdictions and aid to navigation, by 25 percent. Cutbacks in Customs agents and airport security checkpoin
t
s will "substantially increase passenger wait times," the Homeland Security Department said, creating delays of as much as an hour at busy airports. The Border Patrol will have to reduce work hours by the equivalent of 5,000 agents a year. The Energy Depa
rtment's nuclear security programs will be cut by $900 million, creating delays in refurbishing the weapons stockpile, and cutting security at manufacturing sites. Environmental cleanup at nuclear weapons sites in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}
Washington State{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Tennessee{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}South Carolina{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Idaho
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 will be delayed. AIR TRAFFIC About 10 percent of the Federal Aviation Administration's work force of 47,000 employees will be on furlough each day, including air traffic controllers, to meet a $600 million cut. The agency says it will be forced 
to reduce air traffic across the country, resulting in delays and disruptions, particularly at peak travel times. CRIMINAL JUSTICE Every F.B.I. employee will be furloughed for nearly three weeks over the course of the year, the equivalent of 7,000 employe
e
s not working each day. The cut to the F.B.I. of $550 million will reduce the number of background checks on gun buyers that the bureau can perform, and reduce response times on cyberintrusion and counterterrorism investigations. A cut of $338 million wil
l
 mean more than a two-week furlough for 37,000 prison employees. This will result in lockdowns at federal prisons across the country, increasing the chances for violence and risks to guards, and preventing the opening of three new prison buildings. Federa
l
 prosecutors will handle 2,600 fewer cases, because of furloughs resulting from a $100 million cut. That means thousands of criminals and civil violators will not face justice, and less money will be collected in fines. EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION About 70,
0
00 children will lose access to Head Start, and 14,000 teachers and workers will be laid off, because of a $424 million cut. Parents of about 30,000 low-income children will lose child-care assistance. HEALTH AND SAFETY A cut of $350 million to the Center
s
 for Disease Control and Prevention will mean 25,000 fewer breast and cervical cancer screenings for low-income women; 424,000 fewer H.I.V. tests; and the purchase of 540,000 fewer doses of vaccine for flu, hepatitis and measles. Community health centers 
w
ill be cut by $120 million, meaning that about 900,000 fewer patients lacking insurance will receive primary care. A three-week furlough of all food safety employees will produce a shortage of meat, poultry and eggs, pushing prices higher and harming rest
a
urants and grocers. The Agriculture Department warns that public health could be affected by the inevitable black-market sales of uninspected food. Several air-monitoring sites will be shut down, as will more than 100 water-quality projects around the cou
n
try. About $100 million will be cut from Superfund enforcement, allowing companies to evade their responsibilities to clean up environmental disasters. RESEARCH Nearly 1,000 grants from the National Science Foundation will be canceled or reduced, affectin
g
 research in clean energy, cybersecurity, and reform of science and math education. RECREATION National parks will have shorter hours, and some will have to close camping and hiking areas. Firefighting and law enforcement will be cut back. DEFENSE PERSONN
E
L Enlisted personnel are exempt from sequester reductions this year, but furloughs lasting up to 22 days will be imposed for civilian employees, who do jobs like guarding military bases, handle budgets and teach the children of service members. More than 
4
0 percent of those employees are veterans. The military's health insurance program, Tricare, could have a shortfall of up to $3 billion, which could lead to denial of elective medical care for retirees and dependents of active-duty service members. MILITA
R
Y OPERATIONS The Navy plans to shut down four air wings on March 1. After 90 days, the pilots in those air wings lose their certifications, and it will take six to nine months, and much money, to retrain them. The Navy has also said the Nimitz and George 
H
. W. Bush carrier strike groups will not be ready for deployment later this year because the service will run out of operations and maintenance money. This means the Truman and Eisenhower strike groups will remain deployed indefinitely, a decision affecti
ng thousands of service members and their families. Continuous bomber flights outside of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 will be reduced, and there will be cutbacks to satellite systems and missile warning systems. TRAINING AND MAINTENANCE The Army, which has done most of the 
fighting in Afghanistan and Iraq, says it will be forced to curtail training for 80 percent of its ground forces and that by the end of the year, two-thirds of its brigade combat teams will fall below acceptable levels of combat readiness. Air Force pilot
s
 expect to lose more than 200,000 flying hours. Beginning in March, roughly two-thirds of the Air Force's active-duty combat units will curtail training at their home bases, and by July will no longer be capable of carrying out their missions. Some ship a
n
d aircraft maintenance will be canceled for the third and fourth quarters of the fiscal year, resulting in fewer available weapons. Last week, Senate Democrats produced a much better plan to replace these cuts with a mix of new tax revenues and targeted r
e
ductions. About $55 billion would be raised by imposing a minimum tax on incomes of $1 million or more and ending some business deductions, while an equal amount of spending would be reduced from targeted cuts to defense and farm subsidies. Republicans im
m
ediately rejected the idea; the Senate minority leader, Mitch McConnell, called it "a political stunt." Their proposal is to eliminate the defense cuts and double the ones on the domestic side, heedless of the suffering that even the existing reductions w
ill inflict. Their refusal to consider new revenues means that on March 1, Americans will begin learning how austerity really feels. Chart Chart 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 83. Senate Democrats Offer a Proposal to Head Off Automatic Cuts}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 84. Calmly, Pick For Treasury Offers Replies To Senators}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 86. President Urges Congress to Act to Stave Off Cuts}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 86 of 90
\par 
\par President Urges Congress to Act to Stave Off Cuts
\par Author: Shear, Michael D; Calmes, Jackie
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 06 Feb 2013: A.1.
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\par Abstract: Democrats say the cuts favored by House Republicans would unfairly target domestic programs, and Mr. Obama again insisted on Tuesday that any short-term action in the next several weeks must meet his demands for a balanc
ed approach that also closes tax loopholes for wealthy citizens and industries. 
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\par Full text: WASHINGTON -- President Obama on Tuesday called on Congress to quickly pass a new package of limited spending cuts and tax increases to head off substantial across-the-board reductions to domestic and military spending set
 to begin on March 1, but his appeal for more revenue was dismissed by Republicans. Trying to gain the upper hand in the latest fiscal clash, Mr. Obama said Congress should delay the reductions for at least a few months to give lawmakers a chance to negot
i
ate a full deficit reduction package that permanently resolves the threat of a so-called sequester. "They should at least pass a smaller package of spending cuts and tax reforms that would delay the economically damaging effects of the sequester for a few
 
more months," Mr. Obama said Tuesday afternoon in the White House briefing room. He said there was no reason to put at risk "the jobs of thousands of Americans." The president said the economy, which unexpectedly contracted at the end of last year, had be
g
un to recover slowly. But he warned that continuing fights over taxes and spending threaten to delay or derail that improvement. "We've also seen the effects that political dysfunction can have," Mr. Obama said. "We've made progress. And I still believe w
e can finish the job with a balanced mix of spending cuts and more tax reform." Senator Mitch McConnell of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Kentucky{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, the Republican leader, mocked the president's demands to close tax loopholes, calling them "gimmicky tax hikes" and said, "It's time for Was
hington Democrats to get real." House Republicans noted that they had already passed their own plans to avoid the sequester. With the deadline looming, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
each party is eager to blame the other for consequences that could include thousands of layoffs at military contractors, service reductions in programs for the needy and a new economic slump.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761  Mr. Obama, who missed a deadline this week to submit his annual budget to Congress, acknowledged on Tuesday that a broader deficit agreement is unlikely to be reached b
y the March deadline. He provided no details about the tens of billion of dollars in spending cuts and tax adjustments that he wants Congress to pass quickly. More specifics could come when he delivers his State of the Union address next Tuesday. "While i
t
's critical for us to cut wasteful spending, we can't just cut our way to prosperity," the president said, returning to fiscal issues after several weeks focused on gun control and immigration. "I still believe that we can finish the job with a balanced m
i
x of spending cuts and more tax reform." Without action in the next three weeks, federal law will set off automatic cuts worth about $1.2 trillion over the next decade. Mr. Obama and Republicans in Congress designed the cuts in 2011 to be devastating as a
 
way to prod passage of a more thoughtful deficit reduction approach, but no agreement has been reached. Mr. Obama spoke as the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office released its annual economic report with the latest 10-year projections for the annual f
ederal budget deficits. It provided some fodder to critics on the left and some economists who say that {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's continued emphasis on immediate deficit reduction is constraining economic growth, though the budget }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 office said lower deficits would help t
he economy starting in 2014.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761  "The federal fiscal policy specified by current law will represent a drag on 
economic activity" this year and through 2017, the report said. It said that growth in 2013 "would be roughly 1 1\u8260\'2f
2 percentage points faster than the agency now projects if not for the fiscal tightening." Conservative House Republicans, as a price for thei
r vote to suspend the debt ceiling, last month demanded that their leaders allow the automatic cuts to go into force as scheduled unless alternatives could be found on time. So far, Republican leaders have held firm to that promise even with some Republic
a
ns expressing anxiety about the cuts to the Pentagon. House Republicans last year passed two bills that would reduce domestic spending enough to avoid the automatic military cuts, although those bills expired with the last Congress. Speaker John A. Boehne
r
 on Tuesday called their proposals "common-sense cuts and reforms" that the president and his Democratic allies in the Senate could immediately accept. Democrats say the cuts favored by House Republicans would unfairly target domestic programs, and Mr. Ob
a
ma again insisted on Tuesday that any short-term action in the next several weeks must meet his demands for a balanced approach that also closes tax loopholes for wealthy citizens and industries. Democrats in the Senate are divided on how to proceed in th
e
 coming fiscal negotiations with Republicans. Like Mr. Obama, Senate Democratic leaders want a three-month replacement bill, just long enough to move the showdown past other budget deadlines like March 27, when the current stopgap law financing the govern
ment expires, and April 15, when the Senate and House must produce budgets. Senator Barbara A. Mikulski of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Maryland{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, chairwoman of the Senate Appropriations Committee, favors a yearlong agreement. Senator Carl Levin of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Michigan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, chairman of the Senate Armed
 Services Committee, has a broader, $200 billion plan to shut down offshore tax havens and other loopholes. And Senator Max Baucus of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Montana{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, wants to defer any action on closing tax loopholes for the broader figh
t over taxes and spending. "We are not going to have multiple bites at this apple," Mr. Baucus said Tuesday. The report from the Congressional Budget Office was its first fiscal analysis since the year-end deal between the White House and Congress that ra
i
sed taxes on high incomes, and it projected that the deficit for this fiscal year that ends Sept. 30 would be $845 billion. That would be the first deficit below $1 trillion in five years, since the financial crisis of 2008. It would be equal to 5.3 perce
n
t of the nation's total output, or gross domestic product -- about half of what the deficit was relative to the size of the weaker economy in fiscal year 2009 when Mr. Obama took office, but still higher than the roughly 3 percent level that many economis
t
s consider the maximum that is sustainable in a growing economy. While the budget office forecast that annual deficits will decline significantly as the economy recovers, the budget office once again emphasized that the deficit will rise later in the deca
d
e, beginning in 2016, and continue do to so as the population ages and health care prices rise. Credit: MICHAEL D. SHEAR and JACKIE CALMES; Jonathan Weisman contributed reporting. Photograph President Obama Made a Statement at the White House On Tuesday C
a
lling On Lawmakers to Reach a Spending Agreement. (Photograph by Stephen Crowley/the New York Times) (A17) Charts: New Deficit Projections: In Its Latest Report, the Congressional Budget Office Estimates a $845 Billion Deficit for This Fiscal Year. The Es
timates Assume Current Laws Remain in Place, Including the so-Called Sequester.; Deficit, in Billions; As a Percentage of G.D.P. (Source: Congressional Budget Office) (A17) 
\par Subject: Budget deficits; Tax reform; Tax increases; Firearm laws & regulations; Government spending; Economic policy; Federal budget
\par Location: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par People: McConnell, Mitch, Obama, Barack
\par Company / organization: Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120
\par Publication title: New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par Pages: A.1
\par Publication year: 2013
\par Publication date: Feb 6, 2013
\par Year: 2013
\par Section: A
\par Publisher: New York Times Company
\par Place of publication: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}New York{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}N.Y.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par Country of publication: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par Publication subject: General Interest Periodicals--{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par ISSN: 03624331
\par CODEN: NYTIAO
\par Source type: Newspapers
\par Language of publication: English
\par Document type: News
\par ProQuest document ID: 1284230361
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\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Copyright: Copyright New York Times Company Feb 6, 2013
\par Last updated: 2013-02-19
\par Database: New York Times,National Newspapers Core,ProQuest Newsstand
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 87. Pentagon Expects to Keep Presence in Afghanistan}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 87 of 90
\par 
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 88. A Million Jobs at Stake}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par 
\par A Million Jobs at Stake
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 04 Feb 2013: A.18.
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\par Abstract: The money could be raised by eliminating tax loopholes for energy companies, hedge fund managers and other high-end recipients of federal largess, but Republicans won't even consider the idea. 
\par Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 HYPERLINK http://www.gal
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e=&spage=A.18&au=&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid3958249\charrsid14688761 {\*\datafield 
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}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs18\fs18\ul\cf2\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
\par Full text: With enormous struggle, the sluggish economy managed to create 2.2 million jobs last year. But beginning at the end of this month, at least half that amount }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
-- more than a million jobs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761  -- will start to disappear because of a mindless government austerity program that no one in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} seems able to stop}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
. From the armed forces to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, every program except for most safety-net
 benefits is about to be cut by an arbitrary process known as the sequester, instigated by the 2011 Republican rampage against government. Over the next seven months alone, the cuts will reduce defense spending by $55 billion and nondefense discretionary 
spending by $27 billion. The {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Bipartisan{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Policy{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, a respected independent group, said at least a million jobs will be lost this year and next because of the slowdown caused by withdrawing so much money from the economy. The Congressional Budget Office 
says up to 1.4 million jobs are at stake. This isn't fortune telling; the effect of the coming sequester was already evident in last week's announcement that the economy actually contracted during the final quarter of 2012. Much of the decline was directl
y
 due to the 22 percent reduction in spending by the Pentagon and military contractors in anticipation of the sequester's effects. With the economy teetering on a knife edge, it is clear that this is the worst moment to initiate an indiscriminate budget cu
t.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761  Government spending at this time can spell the difference between growth and shrinkage. But Republicans are willfully blind to this reality. Senator John Cornyn of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Texas{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, the second-ranking Republican, called it a "Keynesian pipe dream" last week, saying
 that only spending cuts will help the economy. Congressional Republicans seem perfectly serene about allowing the sequester to take effect in a few weeks, so eager to prove they are budget cutters that they are willing to ignore the coming economic storm
.
 "I think sequester's going to happen," said Senator Tom Coburn, Republican of Oklahoma. "I think people want it to happen." But it was never supposed to happen. The sequester was designed to be so dire that both parties would want to find a better way to
 reach a budget deal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 . The incentive for Republicans was the huge cut to defense spending,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 
 but an ideologically rigid generation of deficit hawks has shouted down the defense hawks, leaving Democrats with no negotiating partner. Republicans have repeatedly v
oted to replace the defense cuts with more domestic cuts, but the overall impact on the economy would be the same. Congress should be thinking about ways to accelerate the economy, instead of remaining preoccupied with a short-term deficit. Nonetheless, t
h
e coming job losses could be sharply reduced if half or more of the spending cuts were replaced by revenue increases, as President Obama and Congressional Democrats have demanded. That would lower the amount of spending pulled out of the economy to bring 
d
own the deficit, replacing the cuts with taxes from the rich or companies with high cash reserves that are less likely to spend it. The money could be raised by eliminating tax loopholes for energy companies, hedge fund managers and other high-end recipie
nts of federal largess, but Republicans won't even consider the idea. "The tax issue is finished, over, completed," Mitch McConnell, the Senate Republican leader, said recently. In other words, bring on the unemployment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 The first jobs to go will be in the 
defense sector, but the losses will soon spread as contracts to states and cities are cut, education and police grants are cut, and payments to Medicare providers are cut. Even the aid just approved for victims of Hurricane Sandy will fall under the seque
ster's ax. Americans are about to find out what happens when an entire political party demands deficit reduction at all costs, because those costs will be enormous.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761  
\par _______________________________________________________________
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 90. Congress Passes Debt Bill As a $1 Trillion Ax Looms}}}\sectd \ltrsect\lndscpsxn\psz9\linex0\cols3\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid14688761\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\insrsid16530451\charrsid14688761 Document 90 of 90
\par 
\par Congress Passes Debt Bill As a $1 Trillion Ax Looms
\par Author: Weisman, Jonathan; Lowery, Annie
\par Publication info: New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 01 Feb 2013: A.16.
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\par Abstract: Economists cautioned that they did not expect such a precipitous decline to continue in the coming quarters. [...]th
e drop came after a surge in military spending in the third quarter, as offices rushed to spend money obligated to the 2012 fiscal year. 
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\par Full text: WASHINGTON -- The Senate gave final approval on Thursday to legislation suspending the statutory debt ceiling until May, officially turning Congress's attention t
o the next budget showdown: $1 trillion in across-the-board military and domestic spending cuts set to begin on March 1. The 64-to-34 vote ended for now a clash that had threatened the full faith and credit of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} government. But the next bud
get fight is just four weeks away. House Republican leaders insist that the across-the-board cuts, known as sequestration, are coming, even as senators in both parties scramble for short- and long-term remedies. Senate Democratic leaders hope to present l
e
gislation next week at a party retreat that would mix revenues and spending cuts to replace the first three months of indiscriminate cuts while longer-term negotiations continue. Senator Tom Coburn, Republican of Oklahoma, is assembling his own proposal t
o
 replace the across-the-board cuts with the elimination of duplicative efforts in the federal government in areas like the promotion of environmentally friendly construction, science and technology education, and work force training. Senator Carl Levin, D
e
mocrat of Michigan and chairman of the Armed Services Committee, has drafted more ambitious legislation to raise nearly $200 billion for sequester replacement by closing off a variety of offshore tax shelters, ending preferential tax treatment for many pr
i
vate equity and hedge fund managers, and taxing the exercise of stock options more heavily. "The fiscal situation is grave enough, the threat of sequestration is so serious in terms of its impact on our domestic priorities and on our security, that I beli
e
ve that if we can get this in front of the Congress, because it will have huge public support, it will pass," Mr. Levin said in an interview. But even the architects of such efforts are pessimistic that they have time to win passage. "I think sequester's 
g
oing to happen," Mr. Coburn said. "I think people want it to happen." Yet the economic recovery remains weak, and unemployment high. This week, Washington got one of the first signs of how the sequester might play out in the economy, when government figur
e
s showed that the economy had contracted in the final three months of 2012, largely a result of a 22 percent drop in military spending. Economists cautioned that they did not expect such a precipitous decline to continue in the coming quarters. Moreover, 
the drop came after a surge in military spending in the third quarter, as offices rushed to spend money obligated to the 2012 fiscal year. Still, the automatic cuts have the potential to derail the recovery. Macroeconomic Advisers, a forecasting firm in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}St. Louis{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, estimated that if the sequester came into full effect starting in March, it would knock 0.7 percentage points from economic growth in 2013, dropping it to 1.9 percent. Economists say hundreds of thousands of jobs could be lost, if not more. With ha
lf of the sequester hitting military spending, the worst effects would be felt by the Pentagon and military contractors. Congress already cut half a trillion dollars from military spending in the 2011 Budget Control Act, and the sequester would cut a furt
h
er half-trillion. Defense companies have been engaged in an extensive behind-the-scenes effort to sway lawmakers, and they have warned that the cuts might lead to serious job losses, while also threatening the country's security. "We're sounding a full-th
r
oated alarm about this," said Marion Blakey, the president of the Aerospace Industries Association, a lobbying group. "It was never intended to take place. It is terribly bad public policy. And it would have a very negative effect on our economy." Concern
s
 about the sequester cast a shadow over corporate earnings season in January. Many businesses said they expected Congress to delay or reduce the cuts, but warned of a bleak outlook if they took full effect. "While we recognize that both parties are strong
l
y opposed to allowing sequestration to happen, we remain deeply concerned that sequestration could occur as the default outcome if negotiations fail," Marillyn A. Hewson, the chief executive of Lockheed Martin, told investors in January. "Sequestration no
t
 only puts at risk our defense industrial base, it also harms military readiness." But with just four weeks to go, the search for any replacement for the across-the-board cuts seems to be stumbling out of the gate. Senator Barbara Mikulski, Democrat of Ma
r
yland and chairwoman of the House Appropriations Committee, said Thursday that she would try to enlist the White House to help stop her own leadership's three-month bill. She wants any legislation to last at least a year. "I hope the White House is not co
l
luding with the 90-day reprieve," she said. "This is like appeals on death row." Mr. Levin's tax bill effectively pits the defense industry against other heavyweights, especially high-tech companies like Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft and Facebook, all of whi
c
h are singled out by the Levin bill as abusers of the tax code. Dan Stohr, a spokesman for the Aerospace Industries Association, said military contractors were not going to be drawn into that fight. With the price of failure so high, Mr. Levin and Mr. Cob
urn said this week that their longstanding quests to cull the tax code of egregious loopholes and cut overlapping government programs could finally succeed. Mr. Levin pointed to two cases in particular. Microsoft develops software in the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, sell
s intellectual property rights to subsidiaries in low-tax jurisdictions offshore, then shifts the bulk of its profits from product sales to those tax havens by paying its own subsidiaries royalties. Hewlett-Packard, like many companies, pays no taxes on o
verseas profits until they are brought back to the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}, but it has been able to keep cash flowing home through a series of tax-free loans from its offshore subsidiaries to its 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}California{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} headquarters. In testimony in September to Mr. Levin's Perma
nent Subcommittee on Investigations, Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard executives said they were following the letter of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 tax law, but also said that the law was putting their companies at a disadvantage with competitors from other countries. Mr. Levin conceded that that argument had been persuasive with colleagues for years, as he sought to tighten tax loo
pholes. In lieu of a deal, Republican senators are drafting legislation at least to give agencies the flexibility to make the cuts more selectively, Mr. Coburn said. "Necessity becomes the mother of invention," he said. "We've got smart people in these ag
encies. They will do what's most important and least expensive." Photograph Senators Tom Coburn, Left, and Carl Levin Hope to Pare Tax Loopholes and Wasteful Spending. (Photograph by Win Mcnamee/Getty Images) 
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\par }}